108 Zoological Society : — 'f^ 



rcpn'ijeiiU'd only* by (lie aiionmlous Stilt-horns {Slijlocerun). In 

 the lower region, the Ux tiunily is represented by Bibos and Bu- 

 halus (splendid wild types) ; the Deer family, here abundant, by 

 Rnsas, Stags, Axises, and Stilt-horns to boot ; the Antelopes by 

 Tetrae»'rns, or the four-horned kind ; the Rodents, by tlie Banibu 

 Rats (li/ii:o)iii/x) and Spiny Hares (Ct/])ro/i/(/us) ; and the Bear 

 family by the Honey Bears (Mchirjiits) ; add to all whieh, that to 

 this region are exclusively confined all the large Pachyderms, such 

 as the Kle])hant and Rhinoceros ; and the jMonkeys also {Sevino- 

 pithecns et Macaciis), though not so exclusively in their case. The 

 Carnivora, again, are represented in the upper region by Ounces, by 

 Foxes of a large sort (!'. nwntauns), by the AVcisels proper, and by 

 the Aihtri or Cat Lories ; in the middle region, by the "Wild Dogs 

 (Cuo/i), the Marten Weasels, I>eoj)ard8, Thick-tailed Leopards 

 (F. Macrosceloides, Hodgs.), "Wild Cats (/'. Murmensis, Pardo- 

 chrous 0(/iffjiT), Libyan Lynxes (Li/jt/cus), Zibets, Screw-tails 

 (Paradoxii/u.s), and I'rionodons ; and in the lower region by Tigers, 

 Leopards, Hyamas, AVolves, Jaekalsf, insectivorous Foxes (Ko/cri), 

 Bear-badgers (Ursifaxus), Urvas, ALangooses, Helictes or Oriental 

 Gluttons, small Civets {Fiverriilu), hirsute Screw -tads, and sharp- 

 faced ('ats (C'('h'(fo(/(istf'r). Zibets recur in this region but rarely, 

 and om; small species of Mangoose is found in sj)ecial spots of the 

 central region. The Otters in the ui)per region are represented by 

 the small golden and brown species (L. aurobrnnne(i)\ in the central, 

 by L. muiiticola and indiijitata ; in the lower, by the large Chinese 

 species L. Sinensis. Among the Squirrels, the great thick-tailed 

 and i>nrple species {S. mitcrurdides ct purpureus) belong solely to 

 the lower region ; the small Lokries (S. Lo/cria et Lokrdides) to the 

 central, and the Sii)erian to the upper ; whilst Flying Squirrels, a 

 numerous grouj), are confined to the central region, so far as appears. 

 \n the Bat grouj), the Frugivorous sjiecies, or Pteropines, all are 

 limited to the lower region, whilst the Horse-shoes (R/iinv/op/ii7ia) 

 specially affect the central region. 



" From the class of Birds we may select as characteristic of the 

 three regions the following: — 



"The True Pheasants (P/iasiajms), the Tetraogalli, the Sanguine 

 Pheasants {It/iaj/inix), (he Horned and the Crested Pheasants (Ceri- 

 ornis, LopZ/oji/ionts) of the upj)er region, are replaced by Fowl Phea- 

 sants (r.'rt//f>7>/<rt*/«) J in the mid-region, and by Fowls proper (Gallus) 



* 1 am fully awarr that Rtixax (Samhcr) arc foiinrl in ihc. western liills, hut 2 

 careful consideratifin of the facts in that part of the Himalaya, with due advert- 

 ence to the known hahits of the giouj), satisfies me that these Deer have heeu 

 driven into the western hills hy the clearance of the Tarai and IJhaver. 



t Jackals have made their way (like crows) to the most populous spots of the 

 central region, hut they are not proper to the region, nor Indian Foxes, though 

 some of the latter turiled out hy me in 1H27 in the great valley of Nepal, have 

 ninUiplied and settled their race there. Kr hix disce alia. 



X The iiilluencc of lotiL'iliide on geographic distrihution might Jte singularly 

 illustrated, diil space permit, from numerous Jlimaiayan groups, flalline and 

 others : thus, for examjile, a hlack-))reastcd Cniornh is never seen east of the 

 Kali, nor a red-hicasled «»ne west of it. So of the hlaek and white crested Gal- 

 lophagm; whilst a hlack-hackcd one is never seen west of the Arun, nor a white 

 hack cast of it. 



