Dr. A. Biauii on the Vegetable Individual. 379 



the earlier flowers, which appear in the axils of the foliaceous 

 leaves, are male ; while the later ones, which appear on the 

 further continuations of tlic stems, are female. Anim* has 

 below female, in the middle male, and above asain female flowers, 

 though these last are dwarfed and sterile. Likewise in the flrst 

 generation after the separation, but in the whole as the third 

 system of axes, we And both kinds of flowers in Pachysandi^a 

 and Acahjpha, and here again, as is usually the case in inde- 

 terminate spicate inflorescences of mixed sexes, the female flower 

 is in the lower, the male in the upj)er part of the inflorescence. 

 The same obtains in monoecious Palms with axillary spadices; 

 though here the flowers appear in ramified spikes from the 

 fourth system of axes. When the flowers make their appearance 

 in the second generation after the division, they cannot easily 

 be united in the same infloi'escence, and special male and female 

 inflorescences will arise. Thus, e. g., in Platanus, Liquidamhar , 

 and Sparganiuni, in which the female inflorescences occur on the 

 lower part of the main-shoot, and the male in the upper; like- 

 wise in Quercus and Fagus, though here, vice versa, the male in- 

 florescences are the lower, and the female the upper. Finally, 

 if the division of the succession of shoots is an unequal one in 

 the separated lines of generation leading to the two kinds of 

 flowers, i. e. if the number of essential axes is unequal, it is 

 greater sometimes for one sex and sometimes for the other. In 

 the Walnut [Juglans) it is the male flower which attains the 

 higher degree of ramification ; in Xanthium, and the species of 

 Carex with separated male and female spikes, it is, on the con- 

 trary, the female flower t- 



Other dimorphisms or even polymorphisms of the flowers, 

 more or less independent of sex, occur when the sexes appear 

 in the two diff'erent lines of generation ; for even among flowers 

 of the same sex, whether hermaphrodite, male, or female, diff"er- 

 ences often reveal themselves of a very striking character, which 

 are generally coordinate according to fixed laws of division of 

 generation. Thus, in all Primulce, and in several Labiatce, two 

 kinds of hermaphrodite flowers occur, in a state of dioecious 



* The inflorescence in Arum is tiTminal, as well as that in Calla. 



t In si)ecies of Carex with terminal male and lateral female spikes, the 

 male flower belongs to the flrst generation after the division, and the female 

 to the third. In most of the species where the shootlet which bears the 

 inflorescences is a continuation of the main axis of the j)lant, the male 

 flowers rei)reseut in general the second generation and the female the 

 fourth ; in those species, on the other hand, which have a shortened main 

 axis, which forms a mere rosette of leaves whence the shootlets bearing 

 the inflorescences proceed as branches, the male flower is the third system 

 of axes, and the female the fifth ; as «l ^. in C. maxima, leptostachys and 

 pilosa. 



