380 Dr. A. Braun vn the Vegetable Individual. 



separation ; one with a large corolla and strongly developed 

 stamens [furma breiistylu), the other with a small corolla and 

 strongly developed pistils [furma lougistijla). According to C. 

 Schimper's (observations* both fi)rms occur at times in Lahiatce 

 even on the same stock and in the same intlorescenee, e. y. in 

 Dracocephahnn Mulduiicuin. ^lany species of Viola also produce 

 two kinds of hermaphrodite tiowers on the same stock ; early 

 ones of the usual form, and late ones without petals. In Viola 

 mirabilis the first arise directly out of the main-stem (as branches 

 of the first degree) and are mostly sterile, while the latter spring 

 from the foliaceous branches (as branches of the second degree) 

 and are fertile. In Impatiims, sterile flowers with perfect corollas 

 and apetalous fertile ones occur in the same raceme. The cases 

 in which normally formed above-ground and abnormally formed 

 under-ground liowers a))pear, belong here; the latter have their 

 corolla developed slightly or not at all, and are merely female, 

 and, par eacellence, fertile. If both kinds of flowers are fertile, 

 the subterranean fruit diff'ers from that borne above the soil; 

 such cases are found especially in the family of Leyumhiosee, e.g. 

 in several species of Lathynis and Vicia, in Amphicarpaa , and 

 Arachisf ; and also in the very remarkable Abyssinian Convol- 

 vulaceous plant, Hygrocharis AbyssinicaX' Among the most 

 striking eases of dimorphous tiower-forination are those described 

 by Jussieu§ in Gaudichaudia, Camarea, and other Malpighiacece. 

 Here, besides the flowers conjoined in racemes or in corymbs, 

 and formed according to the common type of the family, other 

 apetalous flowers occur, standing alone and hidden in the axils of 

 the leaves. Besides the normally formed glandulose corolla, 

 they have only one stamen and two carpels. In several cases 

 the dimorphism of the flowers is confined to the formation of 

 the fruit alone, as e.g. in some species of JEthionema (espe- 

 cially yE. hetirrocarjmm, Gay), which in the same raceme bear 

 partly dehiscent silicles with two cells and several seeds, and 

 partly one-celled and (me-seeded indehiscent silicles. Cerato- 

 capnus\\, a North African genus of Fumariacece, bears in the 

 lower part of the spike oval, ribbed, one-seeded nutlets, and in 



* Communicated in the Versamml. d. Natur. zu Wiesb. in Sept. 1852. 

 t For details, vide Treviranus, Bot. Zeit. 1853, p. .39.3. 



* Ilochstetter, in Scliimp. Iter Abyss. Nos. 572 & 1/01. The same plant 

 18 called Xephrophyllum Abyssinicum by Richard, Tent. Flor. Abyss, and 

 figured in i)l. 7f>. The two kinds of flowers are emitted from the axils of 

 the foliaecous leaves of the same cree|)iug stem ; those provided with 

 corolla, stamens and pistil stand uy)right ; the others without corolla and 

 stamens bend down to the ground on their long ])eduncles. 



§ Adr. de Jussieu, Mouographie des Malpighiace'es (184.3). 

 II Durieu, Explor. sclent, de I'Algerie, pi. 7^- Endlicher, Gen. Plant., 

 Suppl. iv. p. .32. 



