78 Miscellaneous. 



Tetrastichus Anteius. Destroys a Cecidomyia in the flowers of Carduus 

 nutans, musk thistle, and an Apion in Vicia sepium, bush vetch. 



Nerio. Destroys an Apion in Spartium Scoparium, broom. 



Agathocles. Destroys an Apion in Trifolium pratense, clover. 



Prosymna. Destroys an Apion in the flowers of Trifolium pra- 

 tense (clover), a subcutaneous larva in Ranunculus repens, creeping 

 crowfoot, and another of the Elachista of Lonicera Xylosteum, fly 

 honeysuckle. 



Lycidas. Destroys a larva in the pollen of Fraxinus, the ash. 



Ligus. Destroys Phytomyza Taraxaci, Kalt. 



Eudemus. Destroys a Cecidomyia in the receptacle of Achillea 



Ptarmica, sneezewort. 



Bunus. Destroys Cecidomyia Spircece that forms galls in Spircea 



Ulmaria, the meadow-sweet. 



Chares. Destroys Cecidomyia Polygoni, Kalt., that rolls up the 



leaves of Polygonum amphibium, spotted persicaria. 

 — Achcemenes. Destroys Cecidomyia Rumicis, Kalt. 

 Deipyrus. Destroys Cecidomyia Caricis. 



Platygaster Rhanis. Destroys Cecidomyia Medicaginis, Kalt. 



Sonchis. Destroys Cecidomyia Betulce. 



Orus. Destroys Lasioptera argyrosticta. 



On the Mode of Propagation of various Entozoa. By M. Emile 



Blanchard. 



The author has investigated with great care the entozoa inhabit- 

 ing the bodies of domestic animals, particularly the " Douve du Foie'* 

 (Fasciola hepatica, Linn.), which is found in the liver of cows and 

 sheep, particularly in some parts of Germany. He has assured himself, 

 by the examination of a large number of cattle, that these parasites do 

 do not occur in the liver in any other than the adult condition, or at 

 least very nearly full-grown. In the biliary ducts, on the other hand, 

 the ova are to be found in great numbers, and in passing towards 

 the inferior extremity of the intestinal tract these appear to undergo 

 a process of incubation, being more advanced as they pass down- 

 wards. The intermediate stages between the ova and the adult 

 animal are never to be found. It is, therefore, nearly certain that 

 the ova pass out of the intestines with the excrements, and undergo 

 development in some other situation, apart from the body of the in- 

 fested animal ; and that, after attaining nearly their full growth, 

 they are received along with the food into the stomachs of other 

 individuals, and thence pass again to the liver, where they propagate 

 a new race. 



M. Blanchard has also remarked, in regard to other entozoa, their 

 occurrence only in the adult condition in the parts principally in- 

 fested. This is the case with the Amphistoma conicum, which inliabits 

 the first stomach of cows and oxen, with the Brachylcemus variegatus, 

 which occurs in the lung of the Rana esculenta, and the B. cylin- 

 draceus, in that of the Rana temporaria. The Tcenia and Bothrioce- 

 phalus (tapeworm**) of the human subject are, on the contrary, to 

 be found in every stage of growth, a whole family sometimes oc- 

 curring in the intestines of one individual. 



