taken off the coast of Northumherland. 9 



forai of valvulse conniventes extends to within 3 or 4 in. of the 

 anus. A few inches below the end of the duodenum was observed 

 a delicate and transparent, but large and crescentic, membranous 

 valve projecting into the cavity of the intestine. There is no di- 

 vision into large and small intestine unless the above valve point 

 it out. No csecal appendage except to the stomach. The intes- 

 tine contained nothing but a quantity of pancreatic secretion. 



Attached to the upper surface of that part of the intestine 

 which is opposite to the pylorus is the spleen, fig. 3 h, ovoid in 

 form, delicate and spongy in texture, 2 in. long by j in. broad, 

 and of a very pale reddish brown colour. Large blood-vessels 

 run along both the upper and lower borders of the intestine 

 below the duodenum. 



The liver, figs. 2 & 3 i, is large, and extends 18 inches back- 

 wards from the anterior end of the abdominal cavity lying below 

 the oesophagus, somewhat pointed in front, and becoming more 

 bulky towards the posterior end, where it is truncated diagonally 

 from above downwards and forwards. 



The upper surface has a deep fissure partially dividing it into 

 two unequal masses, the left being larger than the right ; along 

 this fissure run the hepatic and pancreatic blood-vessels ; the gall- 

 bladder and the cystic duct lie also attached to it. 



The gall-bladder, fig. 3y, about 5 in. long and 1^ in. broad, is 

 of an irregularly elliptical form, its long diameter corresponding 

 nearly to the length of the fish ; the cystic duct comes off from 

 its anterior end, and running backwards parallel to it and to the 

 hepatic duct, joins the latter just before coming to the posterior 

 border of the liver : the common duct, fig. 3 k, after this runs 

 backwards among the lower appendices pyloricse of the left side, 

 and debouches into the duodenum on a small papilla upwards of 

 an inch distant from the pylorus. The gall-bladder cod tains a 

 small quantity of yellow olive- coloured bile. The texture of the 

 liver is so soft and fragile that it cannot be preserved. 



The ovaria, figs. 2 & 3 /, lie directly above the stomach, are 

 about 3 ft. 3 in. long, and extend forwards nearly as far as the 

 middle of the liver. Their ends taper to points diverging slightly 

 from each other; traced backwards they gradually increase in 

 bulk to I inch in diameter at their middle ; soon after this they 

 diminish in size, become more closely connected, and unite at 

 27 in. from their anterior points into one body, which tapers 

 gradually to | in. in diameter, and then curving downwards to 

 the external orifice on the right side of the stomachic caecum be- 

 comes rapidly smaller, and opens behind the intestine. On lay- 

 ing open the common tube or oviduct it is found for 2 or 3 in. 

 from the orifice quite plain ; above this, longitudinal folds of the 

 lining membrane appear small and irregular at first, but soon 



