256 Prof. Nilsson on the extinct and existing 



radical leaves are 4 inches in length, 2 inches broad, upon a pe- 

 tiole If to 2 inches : the cauline leaves are 1|^ inch long, 1 inch 

 broad, on a petiole of 3 lines ; the peduncles are \^ inch, the 

 calyx 8 lines long, swollen in the middle, 4 lines in diameter, and 

 10-nerved : the corolla is nearly 2 inches long, If inch diameter 

 across the mouth, which is obsoletely 5-lobed. In all the other 

 species of Nolana mentioned in the work above referred to, the 

 calyx is described as being deeply 5-cleft, with the divisions 

 sagittate or cordate at the base, as in our well-known garden 

 species Sorema prostrata ; but in the plant under consideration 

 the calyx is said to be distinctly ventricose and striated, which 

 agrees with the character of Cacabus. 



XXIX. — On the extinct and existing Bovine Animals of 

 Scandinavia. By Prof. Nilsson of Lund*. 



Of the Ox kind (Bos, Linn.). 



Head oblong with broad muzzle f in which the nostrils project 

 foi-ward, open ; no lachrymal fossse ; the ears pretty long, oval. 



Horns for the most part round, near the roots annular according 

 to their growth J, otherwise smooth ; with roots pointing out- 

 wards and curved in different directions, according to the 

 various races. 



Body heavily built ; loins angular, not round ; stout, short, not 

 high-boned, and broad. The female is provided with four 

 teats. 



Tail long, pendent ; at the end it is furnished with a tuft of long 

 hairs. 



Teeth, the grinders with the internal and external borders parallel. 



Skull : no opening between the facial bones above or in front of 

 the orbits over the eyes, as in the Deer tribe. The lachrymal 

 bones flatter, not hollowed out. The spinal process of the 

 anterior vertebrae particularly strongly developed, to serve as 

 attachment for the strong neck-muscles and ligamentum 

 nuchse which support the heavy head. 



The animals belonging to this class, with few exceptions, are 

 the largest and strongest built of ruminating horned cattle. In 

 a wild state they always live in herds under the guidance of some 

 strong pugnacious bulls ; wandering from one track to another ; 

 at one time seeking the forests, at another the plains ; at another, 

 mountains and table lands ; and at other times low and marshy 

 places. They seek grassy spots, for their chief food consists 



* Translated from his * Skandin's Daggdjur.' 8vo,'1848, pp. 536-574 

 t The naked part where the nose ends is so called ; it comprises the up- 

 per lip and that portion between the nostrils. 

 I Whence the age of the animal is determined. 



