294 Zoological Society, 



It is commonly associated with another accessory exogenous process, 

 to which I have given the name ' anapophysis ' in the Catalogue of 

 the Osteological Series in the Royal College of Surgeons. This 

 process, which in most of the Rodentia rises, at first, in common 

 with the metapophysis, as a tubercle above the diapophysis, separates 

 from the metapophysis as the vertebrae approach the pelvis, and in 

 the lumbar series the anapophysis is seen projecting backwards from 

 the base, or a little above the base of the diapophysis, its office being 

 usually that of underlapping the anterior zygapophysis of the suc- 

 ceeding vertebrae, and strengthening the articulation, whence Cuvier 

 has alluded to it as an accessory articular process ; but its relation 

 to the zygapophysial joint is an occasional and not a constant cha- 

 racter. The tenth dorsal vertebra of the Saw- toothed Seal, Steno- 

 rhynchus serridens, affords a good example of well- developed metapo- 

 physes ; they are also large in most of the trunk vertebrae of the 

 Tapir. The anapophyses are well- developed in the anterior lumbar 

 vertebrae of the Hare and Rabbit. 



I have been induced to make this digression at the request of some 

 of my anatomical friends, who have desired me to publish definitions 

 of the terms, or rather of the processes so termed. 



Returning to the Aurochs, I shall conclude with some remarks, 

 which the opportunity of dissecting the recent animal enables me to 

 offer, respecting the true structure of the bones of the fore-foot (fig. 1) 

 and hind-foot (fig. 2\ 



The carpus (fig. l) consists, as in other Ruminants, of six bones, 

 four in the proximal row, viz. scaphoides (s), lunare (/), cuneiforme 

 (c), pisiforme (p) ; and two in the second row, the magnum (m) and 

 the unciforme (m). 



The OS magnum supports that half of the cannon-bone which 

 answers to the metacarpal of the digitus medius (iii). The unci- 

 forme supports the other moiety which answers to the metacarpus 

 of the digitus annularis (iv). The rudiment of the proximal end of 

 the metacarpus of the digitus index (ii) articulates with a part of the 

 OS magnum, which may therefore be regarded as a connate trape- 

 zoides. The rudiment of the proximal end of the metacarpal of the 

 digitus minimus (v) articulates with the cuneiforme, and is applied 

 to the ulnar end of the unciforme. 



The distal rudiments of the two abortive digits (ii) and (v) are re- 

 presented by a middle phalanx (2) and ungual phalanx (3), supported 

 by fasciae extending from the proximal rudiments of their metacarpals, 

 and also by ligaments attaching them to the large trochlear sesamoids 

 behind the metacarpo-phalangeal joints of the two normal digits 

 (ill and iv). These have each three phalanges (1, 2, 3) forming 

 almost symmetrical pairs, with a large sesamoid (s) behind the distal 

 joint. 



The hind- feet (fig. 2) are longer and more slender than the fore- 

 feet, the greater length being chiefly due to the coalesced metatarsals. 



The tarsus includes five bones ; it seems to consist of six, but the 

 ossicle (67) wedged between the tibia {QG), calcaneum {cl), and astra- 



