188 THE AMERICAN MONTHLY [May 



Full mixed morning- and evening- milk 33 patrons, sepa- 

 ated, sweet,8,999,801. July 17, same milk on ice one day 

 after addition of formalin 1-500, sweet 1,439,820. Same as 

 last but four days on ice, sweet, 15,339,040. Fargo, N. D., 

 full mixed milk of 11 cans, cultures made immediately 85,- 

 254. (Bull. 21, N. D., Agr. Exp. Sta.) 



Schizomycetes — Dr. W. Migula treats the Schizomycctes 

 in "die Naturlichen Pflauxeiifamilien." He notes that 

 they are mostly colorless, some are slightly rose or green 

 colored. Spores are of two kinds arthrospores and melo- 

 spores in addition to the ordinary vegetative propagation. 

 The chlamydobacteriaceie produce gonidia as in Clado- 

 thrix, Phragmidiothrix, Thiothrix and Streptothrix. The 

 gonidia germinate soon after leaving the mother plant. 

 He has made some changes in nomenclature. It is wrong 

 to base genera on biological characters as Photobacterium, 

 Nitrosomonas, etc. Bacteria are divided into five families: 

 1 Coccaceee, 2 Bactcriaceeo, 3 Spirillacea^; 4 Chlamydobac- 

 teriacea?, 5 Beggiatoaceae. 



Some of the old genera as Staphylococcus is no longer 

 retained but the Staph pyogenes aureus becomes Micrococ- 

 cus pyogenes aureus Parset et Rosenbach. In the second 

 family three genera are distinguished, Bacterium, Bacillus, 

 Pseudomonas. The genus Bacterium is without motion. 

 Bacillus anthracis becomes Bacterium anthracis (Koch et 

 Cohn) Miguhi, B. tuberculosis, Bact. tuberculosis (Koch) 

 Migula. The cholera spirillum is called Microspira 

 comma (R. Koch) Schroter. The work is accompanied 

 with excellent figures but our only wish is that it could 

 have been more extended. 



Bacteria in Excrement of Bovines. — Dr. E. Wuthrich 

 and Dr. E. v. Freudenreich who have studied the infiuence 

 of feeds on the bacterial contents of excrement of bovines 

 state that hay contains 7,500,000 germs per grain, one-fourth 

 of these organism were Bacillus subtilis. Sour potatoes had 

 5,000,000 germs per gram, 10,000 of these were Hay bacil- 

 lus, (B. subtilis). Malt contained 375,000,000 germs per 

 gram. In the latter, Bacillus lactis aerogenes was common 



