1896.] MICROSCOPICAL JOURNAL. 409 



active ap:ents in foundino: the Ohio Academy of Sceince 

 in 1891 for the investigation of the natural history of the 

 state. 



He was chosen as its first president. Four annual re- 

 ports containing; the results have appeared. He was also 

 one of the original twelve editors who established in 1889 

 the Annerican Geologist and have ever since maintained 

 it. It is i)ul»lished at Minneapolis. In it will be found 

 Dr. Clay pole's recent investigations of the Devonian 

 Foss'l Fishes of Ohio. He has two daughters who are 

 both metnbers of the Microscopial Society and contribute 

 to its proceedings. 



Studies in the Elements of the Anatomy of the Lower 



Vertebrates, 



By henry LESLIE OSBORN. 



HAMLINE UNIVEkSITV, SAINT PAUL, MINN. 



The descriptions here presented are based on practical 

 class work with college juniors, and are planned primarily 

 to serve as a guide to be used in connection with dis- 

 section. Many good guides to vertebrate dissection are 

 already published, but they are generally fuller in details 

 than is absolutely necessary in a first survey of the 

 animals. The constant effort has been made in this to 

 indicate the facts which a person of little or no technical 

 skill and equipped only with simple appliances can de- 

 termine. This plan has been extended to a slight extent 

 by means of brackets so as to include a synopsis of 

 each topic, it being understood that this summarizes 

 lectures or readings which accompany the students' work. 

 In each case it is intended that the student shall have a 

 specimen before him and so far as possible ascertain his 

 knowledge from it. In case rigid economy is necessary 

 the entire dissection could be made from a single speci- 

 men; and in case several are used they should be kept 

 through the whole dissection and compared. 



