40 Instructions for the Scientific Expedition 



tebral column in a dry state. The eyes, eyelids, and part of the 

 surrounding skin should be preserved in the saline solution. In less 

 bulky specimens the entire head should be taken off by dividing the 

 fish below the heart across the upper part of the liver, by which 

 means the mouths of the oviducts, if it be a female, the heart, gills, 

 and head are all preserved together. 



The tail of a Shark may be taken off a little below the anus, and 

 the trunk alone preserved for examination. If the trunk be too large, 

 it should be cut through above the pelvis, and the parts contained 

 in the hinder portion, as the claspers of the male, should be pre- 

 served in spirit. If the specimen be a female, separate the two ovi- 

 ducts through their whole length, where they run along the abdo- 

 men, on each side of the spine, but keep them attached to the cloaca 

 and its surrounding parts. 



If with young, or eggs, take the whole out in the same way with- 

 out opening the oviducts. 



The heads of all fishes should be preserved, when the specimens 

 are too large to be preserved entire. 



All external parasites, and those which infest the gills of fishes, 

 should be preserved. The alimentary canal should, in all cases, be 

 examined for the presence of the entozoa, which, if adherent to the 

 coats of the intestine, should be preserved with the part to which 

 they are attached. One of the most interesting fishes of the South- 

 ern Seas is the Port Jackson Shark {Cestracion Philippi). Mode- 

 rate sized specimens of this species should be preserved entire : and 

 the head, vertebrae, with the dorsal spines, viscera, and especially 

 the impregnated oviduct, should be preserved. The Southern Chi- 

 msera {Callorhynchus antarcticus) merits also the especial attention 

 of the Natmralist, and the same specimens of this species should be 

 preserved as of the Cestracion. 



3. Reptiles. 



Specimens of Turtle should be carefully examined for parasitic 

 animals ; a curious Barnacle iChelonohia) and a Leech (Hirudo 

 branchiata) are occasionally found adhering to these marine Reptilia. 



In the event of the expedition touching at the Galapagos Islands, 

 specimens of Amhlyrhynchus, a lizard of marine habits, should be 

 secured, and the particular locality of the capture noted. 



4. Birds. 

 The Chionis or Sheath-bill of the Falkland Islands and Cape Horn. 

 The Great Penguin {Aptenodytes) . 

 The Penguin of the Isle San Lorenzo. 



