INTERNAL ANATOMY OF INSECTS. 107 



the apex of that organ, in the grub of the cockchafer 8 ; 

 and in that of the rose-beetle, there is one at the apex, one 

 in the middle, and a third at the base b . Besides these 

 appendages, which are formed of the skin of the stomach, 

 there are others that are not so. In the Predaceous and 

 some other beetles, the whole external surface of this 

 organ is covered with small blind appendages opening 

 into the space between its two skins, which cause it to 

 resemble a shaggy cloth; these Ramdohr calls shags 

 (zotte c ) 9 and Cuvier, hairs d (villi). These appendages 

 the latter author seems to regard as organs that secrete 

 the gastric juice and render it to the stomach 6 ; but the 

 former thinks their use uncertain f . 



3. The small intestines (Intestina parva) are the por- 

 tion of intestines next the stomach, and consist often of 

 three distinct canals ; the first is supposed to be analo- 

 gous to the duodenum ; it is found only in the Coleopte- 

 rous genera Silpha L. and Lampyris L., and is distin- 

 guished from the succeeding intestine by being per- 

 fectly smooth f. Next follows the thin intestine (Dilnn- 

 darm\ which in the above insects is wrinkled; it most 

 commonly immediately follows the stomach. Some- 

 times it is wholly wanting, as in Agrion, the Hemi- 

 ptera h , &c. Ramdohr conjectures that it is not solely de- 

 stined for conveying the excrement, but that probably 

 some juices are separated in it from the food especially 

 for the nutrition of the gall-vessels, as their principal 

 convolutions are mostly near this intestine'; which per- 



Ramdohr Anat. t. viii./. 3. cc. b Ibid. t. vii./. 2. 



Ibid. 20. d Anat. Comp. iv. 132. 



Ibid, and 136. f Ubi supr. 30. 



Ibid. 31 . t. iv./. 2. . t. v./. 1 , d,f. 4. D. 

 Ibid. 3?. 5 Ibid. 34. 



