114 INTERNAL ANATOMY OF INSECTS. 



phord). In the only two that appear to have been ex- 

 amined, Rhynchites Betuleti and Cryptorhynchiis Lapathi, 

 that canal is moderately long, the stomach partially 

 shaggy, and the small intestine inversely claviform ; but 

 in other respects they differ materially a . In the former 

 there is no crop or gizzard, the stomach is fringed on 

 each side, except at its* upper extremity, with a series of 

 small cceca or shags, and there are three pairs of bile- 

 vessels b ; while in the latter the gullet is dilated into a 

 crop which includes a gizzard in which the skill of a 

 DIVINE artist is singularly conspicuous: though so 

 minute as scarcely to exceed a large pin's head in size, 

 it is stated to be armed internally with more than 400 

 pairs of teeth, moved by an infinitely greater number of 

 muscles c . A transverse section of this gizzard represents 

 two concentric stars, with nine rays each d : the object of 

 this structure is, the comminution of the timber which 

 this beetle has to perforate and probably devour e . The 

 stomach is very slender, but dilates in the middle into a 

 spherical vesicle f , and there are only two pairs of bile- 

 vessels s . In the Capricorn beetles, the part we are con- 

 sidering varies much : in general we may observe that it 

 is more than double the length of the body, that the sto- 

 mach is long and slender, and usually naked, that the 

 gullet terminates in a crop without a distinct gizzard, 

 and that there are three pairs of bile-vessels h . In the 

 Herbivorous beetles (Chrysomela, Cassida,j&c.) the canal 



a Ramdohr t. x./. 1.8. b Ibid.f. 8. b. c. 



c Ibid. 98. t. x./. 24. From Ramdohr's figure, compared with 

 the size of the insect, it appears that the gizzard could scarcely have 

 been of greater diameter. d Ibid.f. 2. 



e See W. Curtis in Linn. Trans, i. 88. f Ramdohr t. x./. l.rf. 



Ibid. 1 1. ' Ibid. t. ix./. 1, 2. t. xi./. 3. t. xxiv./. 1, 2. 



