INTERNAL ANATOMY OF INSECTS. 115 



is more than double the length of the body, and in some 

 much longer a , the stomach is long, and commonly 

 naked ; but in Chrysomela violacea it is covered with 

 hemispherical prominences b , and in Chrysomela Populi 

 it is shaggy c ; in the insect last named and Galleruca 

 Vitellince the rectum consists of two pieces d . In this 

 tribe the intestines of the larva resemble those of the 

 perfect insect 6 . 



In the Orthoptera the alimentary canal, which conti- 

 nues the same in every state, is short, or only moderately 

 long ; the gullet has one or two lateral pouches or crops f , 

 and terminates in a gizzard of curious construction, with 

 singular folds and teeth * ; then follows a short stomach, 

 usually with a pair or more of caeca at its upper extre- 

 mity h ; the lower intestines are not distinct, and the bile- 

 vessels numerous, short and free '. 



In the Neuroptera, many of the genera are distin- 

 guished by the remarkable length of the gullet, and by 

 the lower intestines forming one short piece k . In the Li- 

 bellulina the bile-vessels are numerous, short, and free, 

 as in the Orthoptera '. In Hemerobius and Myrmeleon 

 there is a gizzard m , and just above it a ccecum, in the for- 

 mer very remarkable, is connected with the gullet n . 



The Hymenoptera appear all to be distinguished by a 

 long slender gullet, terminating in a dilated crop form- 

 ing the honey-bag ; their stomach is variable, their small 

 intestine slender, and the rectum dilated ; their bile-ves- 



* Ramdohr 103. b Ibid, 104. t. \\.f. 4. D. 



c Ibid.f. 2. B. d Ibid. t. vi./. 3. E. e Ibid. 101. 



f Ibid. t. If. 1. 5. 9. g Ibid.f. 2, 3, 4. 7, 8. 12. 



h Ibid.f. 1. e,f. 5. c.f. 9. g h. ' Ibid.f. 1. 9. k. 



k Ibid. t. xv./. 3,4.t. xvii./. 2. 6. ' Ibid. t. xv./. 3, 4, /. 

 ro Ibid. t. xvii./. 2. c.f. 6. d. " Ibid.f. 2. b.f. 6. c. 



I 2 



