182 INTERNAL ANATOMY OF INSECTS. 



of attachment is by many branches or tails to the sole 

 of the foot, and by several heads to the skin of the ani- 

 mal ; so that they can draw the proleg within the body 

 or push it out, and perform other necessary move- 

 ments*. 



I shall now call your attention to the muscles of the 

 perfect insect, as they move the head and its organs; the 

 Trunk ; the Abdomen , and the Viscera. 



i. The Head. This part in insects moves upwards, 

 downwards, inwards, to right and left, is pushed forth 

 or drawn in, is often capable in part of a rotatory move- 

 ment, and is sometimes versatile, turning as it were upon 

 a pivot. All these movements are of course produced 

 by an appropriate apparatus of muscles, which have their 

 attachment in the anterior part of the trunk, mostly in 

 the manitrunk, while their insertion is in the posterior 

 part of the head, in the margin of the occipital cavity. 

 To enumerate and describe them all would be tedious 

 and uninteresting I shall only mention some of the 

 principal ones. The levators of the head are usually a 

 pair of muscles situated in the manitrunk, to the upper 

 side of which they are attached, and perhaps in Coleo- 

 ptera and some others to the phragma, which probably 

 Cuvier means by the anterior part of the scutellum b ; 

 they are inserted in the posterior margin of the upper 

 part of the head, in Coleoptera in a pair of notches (My- 

 oglyphides c ), or a single one d . In Cordylia Palmarum 

 these muscles as they approach the head, to judge from 

 the dead animal, divide into two branches or a fork: 



* VOL. III. p. 135. b Anat. Comp. i. 447. 



c VOL. III. p. 366. PLATE XXVII, FIG. 1, 4. n'. 

 d Ibid. FIG. 3. n'. 



