266 ORISMOLOGY. 



A. GENERAL ORISMOLOGY. 



I. SUBSTANCE. 



1. MEMBRANOUS (Membranacea). A fine, thin, trans- 



parent substance. A Membrane. Ex. Wings of 

 Hymenaptera and Biptera. 



2. PERGAMENEOUS (Pergamenea}. A thin, tough, and 



less transparent substance, somewhat resembling 

 parchment. Ex.. The Tegmina of the Orthoptera*. 



3. CORIACEOUS (Coriacea}. A thicker, flexible sub- 



stance, resembling leather.' Ex. Elytra of Tele- 

 phorus and the Malacodermi. 



4. CORNEOUS (Cornea}. A hard inflexible substance 



resembling horn. Ex. Elytra of Lucanus Cerwts 

 and many other Coleoptera. 



5. CRUSTACEOUS (Crustacea}. A rigid calcareous sub- 



stance. Ex. The Shell of a Lobster or Crab. 



6. CALLOUS (Callosa}. A substance without pores, 



harder than the surrounding matter, and usually 

 elevated above it. Ex. Elevated parts of the Collar 

 in Nomada. (Mon. Ap. Angl. Apis*b.) b Spots on 

 the elytra of Stenocorus (Tylostagmus K. MS.) 

 bimaculatus and affinities. 



7. CARTILAGINEOUS (Cartilaginea}. A gristly substance 



between bone and ligament. Ex. The Tongue of 

 many Hymenoptera. 



8. SUBEREOUS (Suberea}. A soft elastic substance 



a The elytra of this Order in general differ so materially both 

 from membrane and corium, that it was requisite to invent a term 

 to distinguish them. 



b Mon. Ap. Angl. \. t. v./. 8. b, c. 



