474 HISTORY OF ENTOMOLOGY. 



two groups or subclasses, from the mode in which they 

 take their food. 



Lamarck, whose merits as a Zoologist, except in one 

 point a , are of the highest order, in his Systeme des Ani- 

 maux sans Vertebres, which was published in 1801, adopts 

 the above division of insects ; but, after Aristotle b , he 

 makes the Hymenoptera an intermediate Order between 

 the masticators and those that take their food by suction; 

 he places the Lepidoptera at the head of the latter, and 

 the Aphaniptera, which he denominates Aptera, at the 

 end c : the Hexapod, Octopod, and Polypod Aptera he 

 considers as Arachnida d . In his last great work (Hi- 

 stoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres] he includes 

 the Hymenoptera amongst the masticators, and reverses 

 the disposition of his Orders, beginning with his Aptera 

 and ending with the Coleoptera e . 



M. Le Baron Cuvier, in his Anatomic Comparee (1805) 

 divided Insecta into two subclasses, from the presence 

 or absence ofmaxilltz: thus 



With Maxilla. Without Maxillae. 



1. Gnathaptera. 1. Hemiptera. 



2. Neuroptera. 2. Lepidoptera. 



3. Hymenoptera. 3. Diptera. 



4. Coleoptera. 4. Aptera. 



5. Orthoptera. 



His Gnathaptera include the Isopod Crustacea, the 

 Arachnida, the Polypod, and some of the Octopod and 

 Hexapod Aptera; and his Aptera Pulex, Pediculus, and 



a VOL. III. p. 348, note . b See above, p. 433. 



6 Syst. des Anim. sans Vertebr. 185. d Ibid. 171. 

 e Anim. sans Vcrtlbr. iii. 332 . 



