510 LOCAL DISTRIBUTION OF INSECTS. 



common hive-bee (Apis} ; while in America this genus 

 is not found as a native, but is replaced by Melipona and 

 Trigona * ; and in New Holland by a still different but 

 undescribed type. The Melolonthidce and Rutelidce of 

 the old and new world appear to have their work done 

 in that country by the ferilliant and numerous Anoplo- 

 gnathida. The Wiipicera of Brazil is of a different type 

 from that of New Holland. The singular genus Cre- 

 mastocheilus of North America has its representative in 

 Africa in Genuchus b . The Lucani of the rest of the 

 world give place in New Holland to Lamprima and Rys- 

 sonotus. >I could produce a much greater number of 

 examples, but these are sufficient to explain my mean- 

 ing. 



Having thus given you some, though an imperfect ac- 

 count, of the geographical distribution of insects, I am 

 next to say something concerning their local distribution 

 in any district, or their favourite haunts / a knowledge 

 of which, with respect to those of our own country, is in- 

 dispensable to the collector. 



The surface of a country consists either of mountains, 

 hills and valleys, or of plains. It is diversified by forest, 

 woodj or copse ; and watered by rivers, rivulets, lakes, 

 and pools. Those parts that are not clothed with wood 

 are either open or inclosed, forming grassy downs, heaths, 

 pastures, meadows, morasses, and arable land. The soil 

 also is equally various : we find clay, loam, marl, chalk, 

 vegetable mould, moor, sand, &c. The mountains and 

 hills are either covered with a stratum of soil, or are 



a Latreille, Geograpk. &c. 10. 

 b Linn. Trans, xiv. 569. 



