138 THE AGRARIAN CRUSADE 



the vote for governor, the victory going to the 

 Democrats by a very small plurality. The South 

 Dakota Independent party, with the president of 

 the state Alliance as its standard bearer, was un- 

 able to defeat the Republican candidates for state 

 offices but obtained the balance of power in the 

 legislature. In Indiana, Michigan, and Minnesota, 

 the new party movement manifested considerable 

 strength, but, with the exception of one Alliance 

 Congressman from Minnesota and a number of 

 legislators, the fruits of its activity were gathered 

 by the Democrats. 



Among the results of the new party movements 

 in the Western States in 1890 should be included 

 the election of two United States Senators, neither 

 of whom was a farmer, although both were ardent 

 advocates of the farmers' cause. In South Da- 

 kota, where no one of the three parties had a major- 

 ity in the legislature, the Reverend James H. Kyle, 

 the Independent candidate, was elected to the 

 United State Senate, when, after thirty-nine bal- 

 lots, the Democrats gave him their votes. Kyle, 

 who was only thirty-seven years old at this time, 

 was a Congregational minister, a graduate of Ober- 

 lin College and of Alleghany Theological Seminary. 

 He had held pastorates in Colorado and South 



