REFERENCES 327 



way of forming needed organizations, or preventing the formation 

 of unnecessary organizations. 



To repeat what has already been said, state aid must not be a 

 substitute for self-help. It must be a mere temporary way of 

 helping the farmer help himself, of tiding him over a difficulty 

 till he can take care of himself. 



QUESTIONS ON THE TEXT 



1. Show the multiplicity of forms which state aid to agriculture takes. 



2. Define direct state aid. 



3. Give an account in detail of the Kansas experience in aiding the following: 



silk; beet sugctr; woolen mills; flour mills; starch; sod breaking; cheese 

 factories. Show final outcome of this policy of direct aid. 



4. Show in general the extent and growth of state aid in education. 



5. Show functions of State Departments of Agriculture under the police 



power. 



6. Explain administration and functions of Farmers' Institutes. 



7. Give a history of the United States Department of Agriculture, with 



special reference to the dates, 1839, 1862, 1889. 



8. Name each Bureau or Division of the Department of Agriculture and show 



its main functions. 



9. Explain scope and meaning of these five federal acts: Morrill Act; Hatch 



Act; Adams Act; Smith-Lever Act; Vocational Education Act. 



10. Show how federal aid to agriculture is extended through other acts referring 



to good roads and rural credits. 



11. What has been the success of state aid? 



12. Show correct interrelation of state aid and self-help. 



QUESTIONS SUGGESTED BY THE TEXT 



1. To what extent should the administration of agricultural education be 



centralized at Washington? To what extent should extension work be 

 controlled by (1) County, (2) the State, and (3) the Federal Government? 



2. To what extent should both support and control of agricultural education 



be left to each State? 



REFERENCES 



1. ATKESON, T. C.: "Semi-centennial History of the Patrons of Husban- 

 dry." New York, 1916. 



2. BAILEY, LIBERTY HYDE: "The State and the Farmer." Presidential 

 address before the Association of American Agricultural Colleges and Experi- 

 ment Stations at Lansing, Michigan, May 28, 1907. Privately printed, Ithaca, 

 New York, 1907. 



3. BOYLE, JAMES E.: "The Financial History of Kansas." Bulletin of 

 the University of Wisconsin, No. 247, Madison, 1908. 



4. CAFFEY, FRANCIS G.: "A Brief Statutory History of the United States 

 Department of Agriculture." Cases and Comment, Rochester, New York, 

 February, 1916; March, 1916. 



5. DAVIS, BENJAMIN MARSHALL: "Agricultural Education in the United 

 States." Chicago, 1912. 



6. "Farmers' Institutes A Historical Sketch of." Yearbook of Agricul- 

 ture, Washington, 1903, pp. 149-159. 



7. "Federal Board for Vocational Education," Washington. First Annual 

 Report, 1917. Later reports annually. 



