FOREIGN COMPETITION 371 



of that country. 3 The live stock census of 1913 gave Brazil 

 30,705,000 head of cattle, 10,653,000 sheep, and 18,399,000 hogs. 

 The Brazilian government is offering substantial encouragement 

 to breeders of cattle in order to improve the strain. Argentina 

 has long been famous as a country which imports very expensive 

 pure bred sires from England, and which has made much progress 

 in breeding pure-bred cattle. Australia, New Zealand, and South 

 Africa are also important market factors in producing live stock 

 and exporting surplus meat. 



It was not until 1901, when the exports of beef from the United 

 States began to decline materially, that exports of Argentine beef be- 

 gan to assume commercial importance. Since that date the increase 

 has been steady and rapid. The export of foreign mutton was left to 

 Australia and New Zealand, which already dominated that field, and 

 the beef industry, rather than pork, received Argentina's attention. 

 During the years 1908 to 1914, however, there was an increase in 

 Argentina's hog crop and a decrease in the cattle and sheep crop. 

 The large American packers have established meat packing 

 plants in foreign countries as follows. 4 

 Armour and Company. 



Armour & Company of Australasia (Australia and New Zealand). 



Armour & Company of Uruguay. 



Compania Armour do Brazil. 



Frigorificp Armour de la Plata (Argentina). 

 Cudahy Packing Company. 



Cudahy & Company, Limited, Australia. 

 Swift & Company. 



Australian Meat Export Company, Limited, Australia. 



Compania Swift do Brazil. 



Compania Swift de la Plata (Argentina). 



Compania Swift de Montevideo (Uruguay). 



Compania Paraguaga de Frigorifico (Paraguay). 

 Wilson & Company, Inc. 



Frigorifico Wilson de la Argentina (Argentina). 

 Armour & Morris. 



Sociedad Anonima La Blanca (Argentina). 



The United States for many years enjoyed first place as an 

 exporter of beef. First place has now passed to Argentina, with 

 the United States second and Australia third. Argentina forged 



3 Murdo McKenzie, in the course of an address at the annual meeting 

 of the cattlemen at the Kansas State Agricultural College, spoke of the possi- 

 bility of extending the live stock trade in South America, particularly in Brazil. 

 Tuberculosis he named as the big evil in cattle. His company, he said, had 

 bought 750,000 acres of land at 29 cents an acre and another large tract at 

 89 cents an acre, land equal to any land in Kansas. Wallace^ Farmer, June 

 22, 1917, p. 4- 



4 Summary of the Report of the Federal Trade Commission on the Meat 

 Packing Industry, p. 12. Washington, 1918. 



