MAGNITUDE OF BUSINESS 



383 



plants, branch-house system of distribution, banks and real estate. 

 As parent companies, or through affiliated or subsidiary companies, 

 these packers manufactured or handled, among other things, the 

 following products (arranged alphabetically): 



cocoa melts 



coffee milk 



cold cream molasses 



combs 



corpus luteum 



cottonseed oil 



cremol 



dry kelp 



ducks 



eggs 



emery paper 



evaporated milk 



fertilizers 



acid phosphate 



albumen 



alfalfa meal 



alundum cloth 



ammonia 



apple butter 



apricots 



asparagus 



bacon 



baked beans 



bath salts 



beef 



beets 



belting 



bladders 



blood 



blood pudding 



boiled kidneys 



bone meal 



boneless pigs' feet 



brains 



brawn 



bristle 



buckwheat 



butter 



calf heads and feet 



calf livers 



calf sweetbreads 



calves' hearts 



catgut ligatures 



catsup 



cattle tail switches 



cauls 



cheese 



cherries 



chryotolon cloth 



chymogen 



chymol 



coca-cola 



fish 



flour 



gallstones 



garlic 



gelatine 



ginger 



glycerine 



grape juice 



gut strings 



hair 



ham 



hides 



hog serum 



hoofs 



horns 



jams 



jellies 



jowls 



knife handles 



krout 



lamb's tongue 



lard 



leather 



lecithal 



loins 



lungs 



mutton 



oleomargarine 



olives 



ox lips 



ox tongues 



pancreatin 



peaches 



peanuts 



pepper 



pepsin 



phosphate rock 



pickled ears 



pickled hocks 



pickled pigs' feet 



pickled slats 



pickled snouts 



pickled tongue 



pickled tripe 



pig tails 



potash 



poultry 



produce 



renin 



rennet 



rice 



salt 



sandpaper 



soap 



solid ox tails 



souse 



stock food 



suet 



sulphuric acid 



suprarenalin 



thyroid powder 



tripe 



wool 



In developing these extensive by-products, side lines, and 

 other lines these five packers made large use of the industrial 

 principle of ''integration of services" (that is, elimination of the 

 middleman; direct production and marketing). 



The five companies had the following capitalization in 1917: 



Armour & Company $150,000,000 



The Cudahy Packing Company 28,747,300 



Morris & Company '. 13,900,000 



Swift & Company 132,261,000 * 



Wilson & Company 45,476,400 



