408 TAXATION PROBLEMS 



17. "Periodical. The Single Tax Review." 150 Nassau St., New York 

 City, $2.50 a year. 



18. WRIGHT C. W. : "Wool Growing and the Tariff." Harvard Economic 

 Studies, Vol. 5, 1910. 



19. RHODES, JAMES FORD: "History of the United States." Vol. 3, 27-60. 



20. DOMERATZKY : "European Tariff Policies after the World War." 



The Americas, Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., 1919. 



21. "Single Tax in Canada for Unimproved Lands." Grain Growers' 

 Guide, January 7, 1920, 6. 



22. BROWN, HARRY G.: "International Trade and Exchange," (especially 

 chapters 4, 5, 6 of Part II), New York, 1914. 



APPENDIX 



Speech of Daniel Webster. (House of Representatives, April 6, 1814.) 

 "I am not anxious to accelerate the approach of the period when the great 

 mass of American labor shall not find its employment in the field; when the 

 young men of the country shall be obliged to shut their eyes upon external 

 nature, upon the freavens and the earth, and immerse themselves in close 

 and unwholesome workshops, when they shall be obliged to shut their ears 

 to the bleatings of their own flocks, upon their own hills, and to the voices 

 of the lark that cheers them at the plough, that they may open them in dust, 

 and smoke, and steam, to the perpetual whirl of spools and spindles, and the 

 grating of rasps and saws . . . 



"It is the true policy of the Government to suffer the different pursuits 

 of society to take their own course, and not to give excessive bounties of en- 

 couragements to one over another. This, also, is the true spirit of the Consti- 

 tution. It has not, in my opinion conferred on the Government the power 

 of changing the occupations of the people of different states and sections, and 

 of enforcing them into other employments." 



Question by Representative Livingston. (Testimony of Le Grand Powers, 

 Chief of the Division of Agriculture, United States Census, Washington, 

 May 4, 1899, before the Industrial Commission.) If the farmers' products 

 meet the competition of the world in foreign markets, and the manufacturers' 

 products meet the same competition in foreign markets of the world, if the 

 Government undertakes to help one in any way ought it not to help the other, 

 both being situated in certain cases alike? 



Answer. Certainly. 



Question. Has it done it? 



Answer. I do not know why it has not, because the tariff cuts absolutely 

 no figure. We have to-day, to catch certain of the voters, a nominal tariff on 

 certain agricultural products brought here from other countries. That tariff 

 may affect prices a little on the border, just a trifle, but in the markets of the 

 United States, on all the farms of the United States, the prices are not affected 

 a hair's breadth. 



Question (Bounty on Exports). You do not think that would remedy it? 



Answer. No; you would have out of such a bounty no benefit at all to 

 the farmer. It would be the same as in Germany in the matter of the sugar 

 bounty. The English farmer, as the result of the German bounty, is able to 

 feed his hogs raw German sugar as one of the cheapest articles he can give 

 them; and he does that at the expense of the German taxpayer. The system 

 of bounties in Germany has simply raised the price of sugar to the consumers 

 in Germany, and thus lessens the amount that is consumed in Germany. If 

 Germany would take away all bounties on sugar the common people could 

 and would consume more sugar, and they would thus make a market for as 

 much sugar of their own in twenty years as they have built up by their export 

 duties. Industrial Commission Report. Vol. X, pp. 176, 177. 



