jgO THE FARMER AT HOME. 



the surface. The small, white, and broken galls are by no means 

 good. About two thousand cwt of galls are annually used in great 

 Britain, the value of which, six pounds per cwt., is twelve thousand 

 pounds. 



GAME. All sorts of birds and beasts that are objects of the 

 chase. The laws which in England particularly protect this sort of 

 property, are known by the name of the Game Laws. By these laws 

 certain qualifications of property are required, to give a person the 

 privilege of being allowed to kill game ; and penalties are imposed on 

 all persons who kill game, either without such qualification or at im- 

 proper seasons ; likewise the sale of game is prohibited under every 

 circumstance. Attempts have been repeatedly made in parliament 

 to procure a repeal, either wholly or in part, of these laws, which are 

 thought to be oppressive in their operation. 



GANGRENE. An intense degree of inflammation, in which 

 the part affected grows livid, soft, little sensible, and is frequently 

 covered with vesicles containing ichorous matter. But, when the 

 part becomes blackish, flaccid, easily lacerated, cold, insensible, and 

 emits the smell of putrid flesh, so that the corruption quickly spreads, 

 it is then called sphacelus. 



Persons of a good habit of body are seldom affected by a gangrene ; 

 though, even in them, it may accidentally be induced by contusion, 

 long continued pressure, or by whatever destroys the texture of a part, 

 and deprives it of its nourishment. Thus, in cold climates, severe 

 frosts frequently occasion this malady, by impeding the circulation. 

 In rheumatic constitutions, especially those advanced in years, the feet 

 are first afflicted with pain ; while on the inner side of the small toes, 

 livid spots appear, from which the skin soon separates. By degrees, 

 the foot swells, and the toes become mortified. 



GALVANISM. Although this agent is generally believed to be 

 identical with electricity, yet its mode of production, and the laws 

 which it observes when in action, are so far peculiar, that it is fre- 

 quently treated of by itself. Its name is derived from Galvani, an 

 Italian philosopher, who, in the course of his experiments on animal 

 irritability, observed the first striking phenomena which led to its dis- 

 covery. So powerful is this agent, by the aid of a voltaic battery, on 

 muscular action, that dead animals are again to appearance endowed 

 with life. He accordingly called it animal electricity. The voltaic 

 battery, or instrument used for experiments in galvanism, was con- 

 structed by Volta 5 and at first consisted of a pile or succession of plates 

 of zinc and copper, each pair of which was connected by a piece of 

 cloth moistened with water ; but, from the inconvenience in using it, 

 the voltaic battery is now made of such plates, vertically arranged in 

 a trough crosswise, the ends of the plates firmly fixed in groves of the 

 sides of the trough, two plates by themselves, so that between each 

 pair of these plates, there is a section of the trough to be filled with 



