230 THE FARMER AT HOME. 



ascending sap, which is returned in its elaborated state to the tubes 

 of the bark. Through this it descends to the root, forming in its pro- 

 gress new bark, and new alburnum, thus completing the circulation 



JULIAN YEAR. A space of time consisting of three hundred 

 and sixty-five days and six hours, so called from Julius Caesar, by 

 whom it was established. The calendar, which contained an account 

 of Julian time, was called the Julian Calendar ; and the time when 

 it was first instituted, namely, 46, A. C., the Julian Epocha. 



JULY. The seventh month, from the Latin word Julius, said to 

 be derived from Julius Caesar, who was born in this month ; Mark 

 Anthony first gave the name Julius to it ; it was called before Q,uin- 

 tilis, from being the fifth month, according to the old Roman calendar ; 

 for the same reason August was called Sextilis, or the sixth. Abundant 

 objects will now excite our pleasure, in our walk& through the numer- 

 ous and variegated fields of nature ; whether it be over the lately close 

 shorn meadow, the promising and ripening cornfield, or the uplands 

 and lofty hills, where the heath sheds a purple tint over the swelling 

 undulations ; the furze and the broom still wave their beautiful yellow 

 blossoms ; and the whortleberry modestly hanging beneath its olive 

 green leaves ; or in the shady wood, secluded from the now intense 

 rays of the powerful sun. 



The fruits of the garden, gooseberries, currants, raspberries, and 

 cherries, are now fully ripe ; the lilies of many kinds are now in their 

 splendor ; the hollyhock, the convolvulus, the sunflower, and innumer- 

 able cultivated plants, offer their fragance or their colors to our senses. 

 The bindweed, with companulate flowers of snowy white, adorns 

 every hedge ; the scarlet poppy, the waving corn. Of flowering 

 shrubs, the Spanish broom and syranga may be named. Of the 

 numerous culinary vegetables now scattered before us in profusion, 

 we cannot speak ; they offer a rich variety for every taste. 



JUNE. The sixth month in the year, called by the Romans 

 Junius. This month offers to him who is fond of the country ^and 

 who with unadulterated taste is not? several agreeable sources of 

 pleasure ; the air is always bland, generally even hot ; and the agri- 

 cultural operations of hay making and sheep shearing excite, in a sort 

 of festal activity, at once to pleasure, to business, and to employment. 

 Fragrance, in the country, maybe an appropriate term for this month ; 

 whether it be exhaled from the variegated flowers of the meadow, the 

 fields of clover, of beans, or of hay ; or whether from the garden with 

 the rose, the jessamine, the sweet william, the sweet pea, and the 

 woodbine ; add to these, not indeed of much fragrance, but of various 

 and numerous dyes, the larkspur, the candy tuft, nasturtiums, poppies, 

 canterbury bells, the lychnis, and lilies of many kinds. The pink, 

 carnation, and stocks, of infinite hues, embellish the borders of him 

 who is disposed to become a nurse for these beautiful children of 

 nature ; and imparts also their varieties of odor along with the flower 



