472 THE FARMER AT HOME. 



ment. In the formal style of gardening which was once prevalent, 

 few trees were more th-. % subject of admiration, from its bearing to be 

 clipped, without injury, into almost any form. The veins of the 

 wood are strongly marked, and are susceptible of a very high polish ; 

 hence it is valuable for veneering and other cabinet work, and is in 

 frequent use. The wood is also good for the cogs of wheels, and any 

 situations where exposed to moisture, as it resists decay from metero- 

 logical exposure. 



YORKSHIRE CATTLE. We give a few sketches of the York- 

 shire cattle from the elaborate description of them in Stevens' edition 

 of Youatt and Martin, to which the reader is referred for a vast fund 

 of valuable information to the stock amateur. Years ago the York- 

 shire cow was, compared with other breeds, as great a favorite in the 

 London market as at present. She yielded more milk, in proportion 

 to the quantity of food consumed, than could be obtained from any 

 other breed ; but, when the dairyman had had her four or five years, 

 she began to fall off, and he dried and sold her. By degrees, however, 

 the more intelligent of the breeders began to find that, by cautiously 

 adopting the principle of selection, by finding a short-horned bull 

 whose progeny were generally milkers, and crossing some of the old 

 Yorkshires with him ; but still regarding the milking properties of 

 the dam, and the usual tendency to possess these qualities in the off- 

 spring of the sire, they could at length obtain a breed that had much 

 of the grazing properties of the short-horns in the new breed, and re- 

 tained, almost undiminished, the excellences of the old breed for the 

 pail. 



The quantity of milk given by some of these cows is very great. 

 It is by no means uncommon for them, in the beginning of the season, 

 to yield thirty quarts a day ; there are rare instances of their having 

 given thirty-six quarts ; but the average may be estimated at twenty- 

 two or twenty-four quarts. It has been said that this milk does not 

 contain the same proportionate quantity of butter. That their milk 

 does not contain the same proportionate quantity of butter as that from 

 the long-horns, the Scotch cattle, or the Devons, is probably true ; but 

 there is reason to believe that the difference has been exaggerated, 

 and is more than compensated by the additional quantity of milk. 



In speaking of the milking qualities of these cows, he remarked 

 that the udder is rather large in proportion to the size of the animal, 

 but not too large. It must be sufficiently capacious to contain the 

 proper quantity of milk, but not too bulky, lest it should thicken and 

 become loaded with fat. The skin of the udder should be thin, and 

 free from lumps in every part of it. The teats should be of moderate 

 size ; at an equal distance from each other every way ; and of equal 

 size from the udder to nearly the end, where they should run to a kind 

 of point. When they ar$ too large near the udder, they permit the 

 milk to flow down too fr jly from the bag, and lodge in them ; and 



