SELECTIVE BIRTH-RATE 159 



into more congenial surroundings ; while the re- 

 mainder, united for a time by their common desire to 

 be quit of outside interference, were left to settle their 

 own inherent differences at leisure. 



When we consider how large a proportion of the 

 early emigration to the eastern portion of the United 

 States was due to divergence of religious opinion, 

 chiefly in the direction of a pronounced democratic 

 and individualist type, we understand at once the 

 reason for the various outbursts of religious fanaticism 

 in Pennsylvania and Massachusetts throughout the 

 eighteenth century. We see also the nature of the 

 material on which recent religious extravagances are 

 able to work with so much ease and effect. Possibly 

 also we have an explanation of the state of mind that 

 hopes to do so much by vast educational expenditure, 

 and is inclined, in spite of its own history, to attribute 

 so little to the influence of heredity. 



The history of the French settlements in Lower 

 Canada is the history of the one reasoned attempt to 

 found colonies which should reproduce the approved 

 type of civilization of the mother country, and should 

 form an additional source of imperial power and pros- 

 perity. The genius of Richelieu created the Company 

 of New France in 1627. There were 120 associates; 

 the twelve largest shareholders were to be ennobled, to 

 fulfil the feudal and paternal duties of the ancienne 

 noblesse in the new territory. Two or three hundred 

 artificers were included in the first batch of four 

 thousand settlers ; all the emigrants were to be French 

 Catholics, and three ecclesiastics were allotted to each 

 habitation. But the movement was not sufficiently 



