FARMER'S ASSISTANT. 2*1 



Eostrils; black lips; thick fleshy neck; large shoulders; 

 broad reins; large belly; thick rump and thighs; straight 

 back; long tail, well covered with hair; and short broad 

 hoots. The best colors are brown, dark-red, and brindled. 



Young Steers, which are intended for labor, should be 

 early yoked and taught to draw ; tor if this be delayed till 

 they have attained considerable growth, they are more diffi- 

 cult to break. They should be moderately worked at first 

 with old Oxen, till they have acquired sufficient strength, 

 and become enured to labor. 



If yokes be used, let that part which rubs against the 

 breast and neck be rubed with tallow, when worked much 

 in wet weather, to prevent soreness. 



When an Ox is eight years old, he should be turned off 

 to faten ; and, to promote his fating, let a little blood be 

 taken from him. It kept longer, his flesh will not be so 

 good. 



Lord Xaimes observes, that> among cattle, the strongest 

 rules, and claims precedence by taking the lead; that if the 

 strongest Ox be not therefore first unyoked, he is apt to be 

 unruly while his Fellow is leting loose. 



At the age of four years, all Neat-cattle have one circu- 

 lar ring at the root of their horns, and one additional ring 

 yearly thereafter. When, however, they become quite old, 

 these rings become so indistinct, as no longer to be sepa- 

 rately perceptible. 



For the Bull, the finest-looking Calf, possessing, as near- 

 ly as can be judged, the foregoing requisites for a good Ox, 

 should be selected, and from the finest of the breed which 

 he is intended to propagate ; and he should not be suffered 

 to go to a Cow until he has attained a good growth. Suf- 

 fering young, or dwarfish, or, ill looking Bulls to go to 

 Cows, only tends to degenerate the breed ; and, in the two 

 former cases, the Cow, by being served with such, fre- 

 quently misses having a Calf. 



The Bull should have good keeping, so that he may be 

 in prime condition when he is put to Cows. When he is 

 about eight years old, if he grows cross and mischievousi 

 he should be castrated and turned off to faten. Bulls may 

 be broke while young, and worked, and then they prove 

 much less refractory. 



In regard to Calves, those which are brought forth early, 

 are best for raising, as they will endure the first Winter 

 better ; and, if Heifers, will generally be with Calf a year 

 sooner than those brought forth late. The most promising 

 Calves should be selected for rearing, for the uses intended, 

 and the rest fated and killed. In fating such, Mr. Deane 

 advises, that they be taken from the Cow the next day after 

 they are calved ; an,d let them have only two teats of the 



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