242 FARMER'S ASSISTANT; 



Cow to suck during the first week, three, during the 

 second, and all during the third and fourth; and in this 

 way, he says, they will be fater in the end, than if they had 

 all at first. The teats which are not given them should be 

 previously milked. 



In Holland, Calves are fated in coops or pens made for 

 the purpose. These are merely narrow boxes with bottoms 

 of lattice work, just so wide as to admit the Calf to lie 

 down, but not to turn round, and sufficiently high to stand 

 up in. They hold but one Calf at a time, which is kept in 

 darkness. When it is to be fed, a small hole is opened in 

 front, just large enough to put its head through, which it 

 readily does, being attracted by the light, and the pail of 

 milk is then presented to it to drink. A lump of chalk is 

 also hung up by the door for the Calf to lick at. The box 

 or pen is to be kept sweet and clean. In this way, says 

 * The Complete Grazier? they faten much faster than in any 

 other. 



Whether Calves are kept for fating, or for rearing, feed- 

 Ing them three times a day is much preferable to feeding 

 them only twice; but, whether fed twice or thrice a day % 

 the times. of feeding should be regular, and as nearly equi- 

 distant as possible. 



D *rk coops or boxes, something similar to those above 

 described, are also provided by some of those who make a 

 business of fating Calves for market, in the vicinity of the 

 large towns in England, where they are treated in a manner 

 similar to that above mentioned. Fresh litter is constantly 

 provided for them to lie on, and particular attention is paid 

 to their cleanliness The use of the chalk is for correcting 

 the acidity of their stomachs. Pains are also there taken to 

 have Calves brought forth at different times during Winter 

 for fating, as the veal then commands a great price. 



They are kept five or six weeks, before they are killed; 

 and a little before killing, and also, when about four weeks 

 old, they are plentifully bled; taking as much away as they 

 can well bear, which is usually about a quart at each time. 

 The principal use of the bleedings is, to give a superior de- 

 gree of whiteness to the vtal. Keeping them in dark places 

 tends to keep them quiet, so that they do not fatigue them- 

 selves hy too much exercise. They are fated with various 

 kinds of food beside milk, as that is in such places too valu- 

 able to be much used. The most common articles used are 

 choped turnips and potatoes, grains, bran, sweet hay. Sec. 

 No doubt, a little flaxseed broth, mixed with hay-tea, would 

 be an excelent addition. 



In regard to the best food for rearing of Calves, the me- 

 thod pursued by Mr Croo, as mentioned in ' The Letters 

 &nd Pujiers of the Bath and West of England Society* 





