244 FARMER'S ASSISTANT. 



those which have free access to water; for this, it is con* 

 tended by Mr. L* Hommedieu, tends to stunt them and make 

 them pot-bellied Probably, the better way is, to give them 

 a little nourishing drink, at certain times, when the dews 

 fail, or at mid-day, when the weather is very warm. 



When the weather is pleasant, after being put to pasture 9 

 the males may be castrated and the females spayed, it they 

 are designed to be raised tor fating. 



During the first Winter, Calves should be kept in a com- 

 fortable place, and have plenty of good fodder and a little 

 Indian meal, or other nourishing food. They should have 

 shelter earlier than larger cattle, as they cannot so well en- 

 dure the first approach of cold weather. 



Although Calves, until a year old, should have the best 

 of keeping, let it not be supposed, that they will afterwards 

 thrive well with very indifferent keeping. It is but too 

 common for Farmers to turn their young growing cattle in- 

 to poor pastures, of stinted growth, or into woods where 

 there is not sufficient lor them to eat ; by means of which 

 their growth is retarded, and, what is sometimes worse, 

 they learn to become habitually unruly, from the constant 

 temptation they are under ot breaking into fields where 

 there is plenty. 



In the first settling of new countries, the extensive wood- 

 lands may afford plenty of good food for your>g cattle ; but 

 the woodlands of old settled countries afford but little food, 

 that is well calculated for their nourishment and growth. 

 In such cases, a few cattle are sufficient to overstock the 

 woods, so as to leave them little to eat, excepting what is 

 obtained to the great injury of the young growth of 

 timber. 



Growing cattle, if their pastures be not of the best, should 

 nevertheless have plenty to eat of that which is middling 

 good ; and the same may be observed, in regard to their 

 Winter-food ; they should have plenty of such fodder as 

 they will eat freely, and they should be well sheltered from 

 the severity of the weather. When exposed to cold rains 

 in Winter, they are frequently more injured, than when 

 exposed to much colder snow storms. From each of these 

 they should be sheltered, as well as from the cold winds. 

 In short, the better and more comfortable young cattle are 

 kept, the larger and more rapid will be their growth; and, 

 although middling good keeping will answer, they will do 

 better with becter keeping. 



The keeping of Cows in such manner as to make them 

 give the greatest quantity of milk, and with the greatest 

 clear profit, is an essential point of economy. Cows are in 

 general very poorly kept in this Country. By better keep- 

 ing, they would afford more clear profit. Give a Cow half a 



