FARMER'S ASSISTANT. 242 



also sometimes incline to eat the after-birth, Which should 

 be prevented. 



For cleansing the Cow, the directions in The Complete 

 Grazier 9 are, to put about three quarts of water over tho 

 fire, and, when warm, stir in as much oatmeal as will make 

 a strong gruel ; stir it till it boils ; then stir in a quart of 

 ale, or two of table-beer, and a pound of treacle, and give 

 it to the beast when lukewarm. This will also prevent their 

 taking cold. 



To regulate the state of the body, give a mash of bran, 

 weted with warm water. Where the udder is hard, it 

 should be milked three or four times a day; or the Calf 

 should be allowed to suck at pleasure ; and care should be 

 taken that it sucks all the teats ; for, when any of these are 

 sore, the Cow will sometimes prevent their sucking them* 

 If the kernel of the udder is hard, the hardness may be re- 

 moved by rubing it three or four times a day. 



The natural position of the Calf in the uterus is, with 

 its forefeet and head foremost ; the forefeet lying paralel 

 on each side of the head, and the back uppermost. When 

 found in any other position, it is unnatural, and the extrac- 

 tion of the Calf then frequently requires more than ordinary 

 skill. It may be safely extracted by fixing a hook, with a 

 cord to it, in the under-jaw ot the Calf, and gently drawing 

 it away. It the flesh of the Cow be torn in the operation, it 

 should be carefully sewed up; and, it afterwards swollen, 

 washed with warm milk and water It the Cow disowns or 

 refuses to lick the young Calf, a little salt sprinkled upon 

 it will have the desired effect. 



Sometimes, Cows, from abusive treatment, violent exer- 

 cise, or that unnatural appetite, called longing, slink their 

 Calves ; and in such case they should be carefully treated^ 

 and kept warm and clean, till they recover. If they exhibit 

 previous symptoms of this, it may frequently be prevented^ 

 by bleeding: them two or three times, 



It would be a great improvement of our husbandry, if our 

 Farmers and Graziers, stimulated by the example of those 

 in Greaibritain and elsewhere, would enter largely into the 1 

 culture of roots, cabbages, 8cc. for feeding Milch-cows and 

 fating cattle; as the business, when well conducted, is very* 

 profitable. In Norfolk, and some other parts of Great- 

 britain, great quantities of turnips are raised, and mostly 

 used for fating. During the Fall, they are put into carts 

 and scattered over the stubble of the last-harvested wheat- 

 field, and care is taken to scatter them over every part of 

 the ground successively, in order that each part may have 

 equal benefit from the manure thus bestowed on the land. 



The turnips are raised with an iron instrument fixed to a 

 handle ; on the other side of which instrument are edges* 



