FARMER'S ASSISTANT. 251 



equi-distant as possible, are also essential points to be ob- 

 served. 



The quantity of food to be given to fating cattle should 

 be in proportion to the weight of each. An Ox will eat a 

 little less than a fifth of his weight, per day, of cabbages, and 

 about a third of his weight of turnips, beside a little dry 

 food to counteract the super-abundant moisture of the roots. 

 For middlesized animals, from a bushel to a bushel and a 

 hall of Brewer's or Distiler's grains, with some dry food, 

 will be consumed in a day. About a sixth part of the ani- 

 mal's weight, with the addition of some dry food, is the 

 proper allowance, per day, of carrots or potatoes. About a 

 pound of powdered oilcake, and another of hay, tor every 

 hundred weight of the animal, is the usual allowance, per 

 day, >f this food; but the quantity of the former is to be 

 gr\ dually increase d as the faiing progresses, until it is one- 

 hait more than at first. 



Ir is stated, in the work last mentioned, that every load 

 of hay and litter, given to beasts fating on oilcake, will make 

 seven loads of dung; and, that one load of this is more effi- 

 cacious, as a manure, than two of common barn-dung. It is 

 also there stated, that Mr Moody littered forty- five Oxen, 

 wniie fating, with twenty wagonloads of stubble, and that 

 the product of dung> when roted and fermented, was six 

 hundred tons, Auoiher trial is also there mentioned, of 

 Mr. White, who tied up thirty- six Cows and four Horses, 

 and while they ate fitty tons of hay and had twenty acres of 

 stravv for litter, made three hundred tons of roten dung 5 in 

 good order for the land. 



lu addition to gathering stubble for the purpose of litter- 

 ing, our Farmers may supply themselves with ample quan- 

 tities of dry leaves every Fall ; as they may be easily raked 

 up a^od gathered in the woods, for the purpose. Mr. Living- 

 ston makes mention of his having used this substitute, in 

 hi? valuable essay on Sheep. 



It muy not be amiss to observe^ in concluding our re- 

 marks on feeding and fating, that as the larger English 

 breeds require richer pastures for thriving well, than the 

 smaller, many of the best English Graziers have latterly 

 prefered the best selections of the latter, as being on the 

 whole most profitable. 



When a beast is well fated, outwardly, it is indicated by 

 its plump and comely appearance; its skin on the lower- 

 most ribs will feel kindly and mellow, as the English Gra- 

 ziers say ; that is, soit and yet firm to Ahe touch ; the part 

 where the tail is set on, will feel plump and sok ; and the 

 natch-bones, as they are called, which lie on either side of the 

 root of the tail, will feel loose and well covered. When 

 also the cod of the Ox, or the naval of the Cow, feels thick. 



