FARMER'S ASSISTANT. 281 



In pastures which are on the sides of hills, water may be 

 easily obtained in another way ; that is, by diging horizon- 

 tally into the hill till you come to it, and then carrying it 

 out in a pipe, or conductor, made for the purpose. Another 

 method is, to dig a well on a steep part of the hill, and 

 place a syphon in it, with so small a pipe that it will not let 

 off the water fast enough to exhaust it in the well. 



Another method of making a well, as recommended by 

 M. Cadit de Vaux^ is to bore a hole into the earth, with an 

 augur or borer made for the purpose, until sufficient of 

 good water is found. If that which is first found is not 



food, bore deeper, until you come to better; and bore suf- 

 ciently deep to afford a full supply. 



Let the hole be about eight or nine inches in diameter. 

 As the augur gets filled with earth it is taken up, emptied, 

 and let down again. After the hole is made, a wooden tube 

 is inserted in it, and the water is raised by pumping. 



This is a very cheap and safe method of making wells, 

 and might be advantageously performed where the earth is 

 free of stones and rocks. 



Lastly, as a matter of ornament and profit, let your pasture- 

 lands be planted with some useful trees; and probably, for 

 this purpose, the locust will be found the best. 



See LOCUST. 



The sugar-maple may also be found very advantageous, 

 where the soil is suitable to it, and where a yearly supply 

 of maple-sugar is desired, which will be found an article of 

 no small profit* 



See MAPLE. 

 For the best grasses, for pastures, see GRASSES. 



PASTURE OF PLANTS. Every plant requires a given 

 quantity of earth to nourish it, into which its roots extend 

 for that purpose; and the quantity thus required is called 

 the requisite pasture of the plant. Some require more 

 earth, and some less. Some require a greater superficial 

 extent with less depth; while others require a greater depth 

 with less superficial extent. 



For instance, a plant of Indian corn requires a superficial 

 extent of, say, three feet in circumference, and a depth of 

 six inches; while a root of the beet, carrot, or parsnip kind, 

 requires a superficial extent of, perhaps, only twelve inches 

 in circumference, but a depth of, say, fifteen inches. A 

 plant of flax, on the contrary, will not require more than 

 six inches in circumference, and five inches in depth. 



It will probably be found, that the greater depth is given 

 to all plants, the less circumference they will require ; that 

 the roots will, in that case, shoot further downwards ; and, 

 therefore^ the deeper you plough, the thicker you maj sow. 



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