292 FARMER'S ASSISTANT. 



more than that of the short ropes or chains, before mention- 

 ed, which are to be attached to a pair of wooden haims to 

 each Horse; each haim being nothing more than two pitces 

 of wood, about three inches broad, properly shaped and 

 smoothly rounded on the sides, which are put, one on each 

 side, ot ihe shoulder of the Horse, and tied together, above 

 and below. 



It has been well ascertained, that haims of this kind are 

 less liable to injure Horses, than any kind of harness what- 

 ever. 



A onehorse plough may also be drawn, by having the 

 Horse between shahs fixed to the beam of the plough. In 

 this rase, and also where the plough is drawn by two 

 Horses, in the manner just described, the cross pieces 

 which hold the shafts should each work on a pivot, so that 

 the plough could be inclined to the one side or the other, 

 for the purpose of directing it ; unless the method, before 

 described, of directing it by the coulter, should be adopted. 



A * double-fined' plough is described by Mr. Livingston^ 

 which he saw in different pans of France: Ii k has a 

 mouldboard fixed on a hook at the share, and by a pin at 

 the broad end, which passes through the mouldboard and 

 into the beam. When it comes to the end of the furrow, 

 instead of making a land, the mouldboard is shifted to the 

 other side; which is done very quickly, and has the advan- 

 tage of throwing the furrows all one way.' 



A plough of this kind is particularly useful in ploughing 

 sides of hills. 



Another kind of plough, which is well adapted to that 

 use, is the double-plough ; that is, a plough with two shares, 

 coulters, &c. placed on the opposite sides of the beam ; so 

 that when a furrow is turning with one share, the other is 

 above the beam bottom upwards. At the end of the fur- 

 row, this share is turned down, and the other up, and thus 

 the work proceeds. The handle is separate ; and the lower 

 end is merely set in between pins that hold the beam and 

 the mouldboards together. When the other side of the 

 plough is turned up, the handle is taken out, and set into 

 the other side, in the same manner. 



There is another kind of double-plough, which has been 

 long used in some parts of England ; and in smooth, light, 

 sandy soils, particularly, is well adapted for dispatch. It 

 turns two furrows at once ; and for this purpose has two 

 ah ares,' mouldboards, See. the one behind the other. It 

 would, seem that the principal difficulty, with such a plough, 

 must be in directing it: But, probably, one of the moveable 

 coulters, before described, applied to the foremost share, 

 would obviate every inconvenience. 



