APPENDIX. 447 



We shall, t>n the contrary, insist 1hat, generally speaking, making 1 the 

 most of our luncls, imder a proper course of husbandly, is the right 

 way to realize the most from our labor. We shall therefore begin 

 with the most usual soil of this Country, the dry, arable lands, which 

 are usually suited for a v riety of crops. Of the stiff clays, the hard 

 gravels, and light sands, soils which abound but little here, we shall 

 speak in particular. In ploughing 1 , we shall advise that the usual 

 depth be about six inches, or about a third deeper than our Farmers 

 commonly plough ; but that the depth should sometimes be greater 

 than this, and sometimes less. We shall also insist on the ploughing 

 being done in the most perfect manner, and not in the slight way voo 

 often practised; and we shall farther premise, that the plan of cul- 

 ture we recommend is necessarily connected with the business of 

 the dairy, to greater or less extent; and with that of the Grazier, in 

 feeding and fating cattle of every description. Such we conceive to 

 be the only true and profitable course to conduct farming in this 

 Country ; but deviations from this may in some cases be found equal- 

 ly profitable. In general, however, we advise to this course of farm- 

 ing ; for in this way the greatest quantity of manure is afforded ; and 

 for most lands manure is essential for obtaining the greatest crops, 

 and of course for realizing the greatest profits. 



We shall begin with the ground in wheat or rye-stubble, as at the 

 end of our course we propose to leave it. Let the stubble-ground be 

 well turned over in the Fall, to the depth of, say, six inches. It 

 should not be turned under until a sward of white -clover has covered 

 the ground, which is to be produced by giving it a top-dressing of 

 gypsum in the Spring. Under the subject of manures, the reasons 

 for this will be explained, when treating of gypsum. In the Spring, 

 give the ground one or two ploughing^ more, as the nature of the 

 soil may require, and of the same depth, and let the last ploughing 

 be just before the proper time for planting Indian corn; for this crop, 

 with an intermixture of other plants, is what we propose to begin 

 with. Say, for instance, that the intermixture shall consist of the 

 potatoe, of the pumpkin, and of the common turnip, a third part 

 of each. We propose planting these crops in drills, in preference 

 to hills, from a well-founded conviction that in the former method 

 considerably more may be obtained from the ground. Let furrows 

 be run, at a good depth, for the drills, at the distance of about every 

 three and a half feet. In these furrows lay of the shortest and best 

 of the fresh barn-dung-, at the rate of about twenty wagon-loads to 

 the acre. For the drills intended for potatoes the longer sort of 

 barn-dung is as pood as any other. If the different sorts of barn-dung 

 can be applied to the soils most suitable for each, as is mentioned in 

 peaking a df manures, this should always be attended to; that is, 

 sheep and horse-dung for the moister parts of the land, and cow- 

 dung for the drier. 



A's fast as the dung is laid, it should be well covered, by a furrow, 

 moderately deep, thrown over it from each side; but, where pota- 

 toes are to form the alternate drills, let the seed for these be laid 

 on the dung, previous to covering: and, for this purpose, let the po- 

 tatoes be cut in halves, lengthways, so as to give each about an equal 

 number of eyes, and then wet them and roll them in gypsum before 

 laying them down, which should be at the distance of about fifteen 

 inches. The potatoe-driils being thus covered, by the furrows 

 thrown from each side, the same process serves to cover the dung in 

 the other furrows, and thus the beds are formed for planting the 

 other crops in the drill -method. Indian corn may be drilled in at 

 one operation by a drill -machine for the purpose ; tte same may be 



