45P APPENDIX. 



from the ground as quick as possible, and the ground deeply turned 

 over, and mellowed by three deep ploughings, then furrowed HI the 

 d stance of about thirty inches, the manure laid in, and covered by 

 furrows thrown over it from each side, and the plants of ruta-baga 

 immediately set on the ridges, by transplanting 1 , at the distance of 

 about a foot from each other. From our own experience, we are 

 fully convinced that the plan of transplanting is, in the end, much 

 the cheapest, and most advisable. We would, however, recommend 

 not to transplant before the appearance of a .heavy shower, but at any 

 time afterwards; that the plants be of good size, say, of five or six 

 weeks growth, and that, in seting, special care be taken to have the 

 lower parts ot the roots well enclosed with earth. For further par- 

 ticulars, in regard to the culture of this crop, the time and manner 

 of using it, and of saving it, we refer the Header to Mr. Cobbrft's 

 book on the subject, from a conviction that it is the best essay that 

 has ever been 'published on the culture and use of this valuable 

 plant. 



It will be seen, however, that we differ from Mr. Cobbett in the 

 distances in which the plants are to be set., and in the manner of 

 forming the ridges. He forms his by four gathering-furrows, by 

 which the ridges are each about four feet in breadth. We propose 

 to form them by two gathering furrows, and at the distance of thirty 

 inches. In England, the plan we recommend is generally pursued, 

 and the ridges are usually but twenty-seven inches wide. 



In the Spring of the third year, we propose to sow the ground 

 with barley, after two or three ploughings; seed, two and a half 

 bushels to the acre. At the same time, also, give the ground at least 

 twelve pounds of red clover-seed to the acre, which may be carefuly 

 mixed with the barley, and sown together. Harrow the ground be- 

 fore sowing, and harrow in the seed, after it has been prepared in 

 the manner before directed; then, if the Farmer is in possession of 

 the roller, let this be passed over the ground, particularly if it be 

 somewhat dry; for, in such case, barley, being covered with a husk, 

 requires a close envelopement with earth, in order that the progress 

 of its germination be not either partially or wholly retarded. Next 

 Spring, give the ground a top-dressing of gypsum, of from one to 

 two bushels to the acre, as circumstances may seem to require. Two 

 clover-crops are to be expected this season. The next, either one 

 or two may be taken, according to the climate, but usually one only 

 in more northerly regions; and in this case let the second growth be 

 laid prostrate, by the roller passing over it in the same direction in 

 which the plough is to follow, in order that the growth may be care- 

 fully turned under, which will form an excelent lay for Winter wheat, 

 or for rye, if the climate is not adapted to the growth of the former 

 crop. 



In suitable climates, wheat will succeed on a good clover-lay, even 

 on light sandy lands. It is believed, however, that the species of 

 wheat which is considerably cultivated in Pennsylvania, called spelt 

 ( triticurn sfielta ) may be successfully cultivated in any part of the 

 Northern States where wheat of the common sorts does not flourish. 

 \Vhen the sward has been thus turned under, let the surface be level- 

 ed by runing the harrow lightly over it, in the same direction the 

 plough runs, ami then cover the seed with the harrow, run in a simi- 

 lar direction. Let the seed- wheat be prepared in the manner before 

 described, and let it be free from any mixture of rye, or the seeds 

 of cockle or other weeds. Next Spring, give the ground another top- 

 dressing of g> psuin, in order that a growth of white clover may rise 

 after harvest, as this will afford considerable Fall-feed, and a'fresli 



