452 APPENDIX. 



We have next to speak of the rotations proper for clayey lands, or 

 those which have more or less alumin in their composition. Lands 

 of this description are various, as well in regard to their natural fer- 

 tility, as to their being more or less inclined to a superabundance of 

 moisture. Some are naturally too wet for cultivating- even grain- 

 crops with success; and should therefore be kept for mowing and 

 grazing-lands. Some again may be merely too wet for crops of Win- 

 ter-grain, and in such case Spring-crops should he substituted ; while 

 at the same time the lands should be more applied to the business of 

 the dairy, and of the Grazier. In the mean time, let the Possessor 

 of lands which are naturally too wet, proceed to laying at least a part 

 of then) dry, by hollow -drains; and then by making his barn-dung 

 principally 'into heaps of compost, in which lime and sand shall be 

 considerably used as additional ingredients, and applying such com- 

 post-manure to the drilled crops before mentioned, and in the man- 

 ner before directed, he will find no difficulty whatever in p-n-suing 

 the course of crops we have recommended, nor of raising them of 

 luxuriant growth. Where clayey lands are natural!} dry enough for 

 \Viniei -crops, \e advise to a similar course of crops, with the muivire 

 prepared and used in a simila" manner. In all stiff soi-s, however, 

 an important point in husbandry is to keep the gT'nmd, while under 

 a course of crops, in a mellow cr isnhly state; and for this purpose 

 nothing is more conducive, th.m frequent iiei.-p plu'-gbiiig.s :>ifl rais- 

 ing the ground into high narrow ridges, as well t<> lie in that state 

 during Winter, as tor the culture of ail the drilled crops in particular. 

 The ridges are to be formed by four gathering-furrows; and in cleav- 

 ing the ridges down new ones are formed, with the middle or highest 

 part of each where the last furrows were of the former ridges. When, 

 therefore, the manure is to be used for the drilled crop, it is to be 

 laid in the furrows, between the ndg'es, and then covered over with 

 two gathering -furrows run on each side, and thus the beJs or ridges 

 for the crop are prepared. 



If, however, it shotrd still be found that some clays, even with 

 this management for the purpose of ameliorating them, should still 

 be found unsuitable for Indian corn, and for the turnip and ruta-baga- 

 crops, we can only advise that, for the former, the Winsor-bean, and, 

 for the two latter, the mangle-wurtzel and the cabbage-crop, be made 

 substitutes. The \Vinsor-l>ean is considerably cultivated in the clay- 

 lands of Greatbritain ; and Mr. Deane, in his Farmer's Dictionary, 

 says its growth on such lands in this Country is luxuriant. Perhaps 

 in place of this species of the bean, another, which is cultivated in 

 the Southern States, and is there called the cowpea, should be pre~ 

 fared. 



It should be further observed, that gypsum, when applied as a. 

 top-dressing to clay-lands, particularly those which are too wet, has 

 but very little effect; but when they are laid dry by hollow-drains, 

 and thrown into ridges, as before mentioned, the effect of this ma- 

 nure upon them is nearly the same as in other dry arable lands. And 

 as we conceive it essentially necessary that all clay lands which are 

 to be cultivated for Spring-crops, as well as all other soils which are 

 naturally too wet, should lie in riclges during the Winter, we advise 

 that, at the begining of the rotation we have mentioned, such lands 

 have a second ploughing in the Fall, for the purpose of being laid in 

 such ridges. When thus laid, they are easily reduced to a mellow 

 state in the Spring; but, if this be neglected, they will usually be 

 found, more or less, in hard baked clods, a state very unfit for good 

 cultivation. 



