454 APPENDIX. 



lands are better adapted for root-crops of almost every sort, or for 

 the grasses whose roots extend deep into the earth ; among which 

 are clover of ditiR vent kinds, Saintfoin, lucerne, &c. Such lands are 

 least adapted for crops of wheat and Indian corn; but, when suffi- 

 ciently manured wiih clay, or upland-marie, which is better, they 

 will yield tolerable crops of the latter, and also of the former, when 

 raised on a lay of red-clover. 



Where little else than the contents of the barn-yard and gypsum 

 can be had, for manuring sandy lands of the above description, the 

 common turnip and nua-baga culture would not, perhaps, be ad- 

 visable; but the rotation should be something like the following: 

 First year, potatoes and pumpkins in alternate drills, manured and 

 treated as before described; second, pras, soaked in the solution 

 before mentioned, and rolled in gypsum before sowing, with a top- 

 dressing of that manure; third, buckwheat, treated in the same 

 manner, and cloverseed sown with the crop; third and fourth, clo- 

 ver, with a top-dressing of g\ psum each Spring; fifth, rye, on the 

 clover turned under, as before described, which completes the 

 course. 



But where upland -marie, or even clay, can be had, for the purpose 

 of forming compost-manures with the barn (lung- and the addition of 

 some lime, as is described under manures, &c. we should advise to 

 the rotation first described, or something similar, in which the root- 

 crops should form a prominent part; and, in such case, let the ma- 

 nure be plentifully applied to the drilled crops. At first, perhaps, 

 some of the crops would not be so abundant; but, under this man- 

 agement the soil would be constantly improving, and of course the 

 crops increasing. At first, perhaps, rye should be substituted for the 

 wheat-crop ; but each addition to the soil, of the aluminous and cal- 

 careous matter of which the compost is principally composed, would 

 render the land better adapted for grain-crops of every description. 



It is a matter of the first importance to the Cultivator to possess an 

 adequate knowledge of the different substances which may be used 

 with advantage for fertilizing his lands, of the different soils to which 

 such substances are best adapted, of the proper quantities to be used, 

 and of the most advantageous time and manner of their application. 

 There is but little even of the richest earths that will not become ex- 

 hausted with constant croping- without manure; and soils are seldom 

 so sterile, but that, with a proper application of suitable manures to 

 them, they may be made the residence of plenty. 



Manures are of different kinds: Of animal, of vegetable, of fossil, 

 and of mixed; of each of which notice will be taken in their order. 



The flesh of animals is an excelent manure for all soils, and is used 

 to a considerable extent on the seacoast, where fish are caught in 

 plenty. It is believed that flesh is used to most advantage in com- 

 posts, and the same may be observed with more certainty in regard 

 to the use of the blood. The shavings of the horny substances of 

 animals, have very durable effects as a manure, in dry soils, bv en- 

 duing such with a greater power to retain moisture; and the same 

 may also be observed of the hair and wool. The bones, when cal- 

 cined, are also valuable, as they are principally phosphate of lime. 

 The miasma, produced by the putrefaction of the flesh and blood of 

 anim :ls, is also food for plants, or at least its presence assists their 

 growth. The urine is a fertilizer principally by reason of the salt it 

 contains, and probably also by its producing miasma. 



When animals die, it is usual to l^t them lie above ground, to the 

 annoyance of the Public; but, if covered with earth, this, together with 

 the flesh, ,c. of the animal, would be converted into good manure. 



