APPENDIX. 463 



dung, as before, until in this way the heap is raised about four feet 

 high, and let the last layer be of peat : Then commence another ten- 

 feet square alongside of this, and raise it, as htfbie, till you raise it 

 to the same height; then with another ten-feet square, at the end of 

 this mass, and so on, till the heap is completed. After the heap has 

 stood a while, it will heat, and when the heat begins to subside, you. 

 commence again at one end of the heap and cut the whole down to 

 the bottom, with the spade, and form a new heap, throwing the ex- 

 terior parts of the heap, thus cut clown, into the middle of the o'her. 

 A second heating of the mass will then commence, and when that 

 subsides, the peat will be found sufficiently decomposed, and the 

 whole an excelent mass of manure. 



In this Country, peaty substances are usually to be found in mo- 

 rasses; as the superstratum of marie, as before mentioned; as the 

 principal ingredient of the salt-marshes contiguous to the ocean; and 

 as the superstratum of tracts of cold lands w hich are covered with 

 growths of evergreen trees. 



In making composts with upland-marie, before mentioned, the 

 proportions of the marie, with that of the lime and dung, muv be 

 similar to those just mentioned for the peat-composts, or p ? 

 the marie may be in greater proportion. The layers of each may be 

 as before described, but the heap only raised to such height that it 

 may be cleft down to the bottom with the plough, then thrown to- 

 gether in a ridge again with this implement; and let these operations 

 be repeated, at intervals, till the whole becomes well mixed, pulve- 

 rised, and in a state of fermentation ; when it is fit for use, and 

 should be immediately applied to the soil, in the manner before 

 mentioned. 



The use of wood-ashes, as a manure, is well known. It is good 

 for almost all crops, and is to be used as a top-dressing. It is much 

 more efficacious as a manure in some parts of the Country than 

 others, particularly on Longisland. It is most valuable on light dry 

 soils, particularly those which are sandy. Soot, as a top-dressing-, is 

 much more valuable than ashes, and is proper for almost all arable 

 lands. It is most efficacious when well pulverized before its appli- 

 cation. 



The dung of fowls of every sort has much calcareous matter in it, 

 and is very efficacious applied as top-dressings. Malt-dust is good 

 in the same way: Forty bushels of it is a proper allowance to the 

 acre. 



Nightshade should be mixed with earth, say, two-thirds of the 

 latter to one Q the former, and in the course of a few months it 

 forms an excelent manure. Tn most European cities. this excrement 

 is carefully collected, for manure; while in this Country its use has 

 been neglected. 



Many liquids are furnished from every domicile, and particularly 

 the kitchen, which, mixed with earths, and other substances, would 

 v form valuable masses of manure. The liquids to which we principally 

 refer, are the soapsuds, dishwater, brine of meat, urine, &c. These 

 should all be preserved, by being absorbed in rich earthy substances, 

 together with the contents of the hogsty; and in this way a large 

 heap of good manure may be made, that is commonly lost for want 

 of attention in saving these ingredients. 



