70 PLOUGHING. 



for the soil to rise to the top of the earth again. The 

 less you take of the surface at a time, the easier it is 

 broken in pieces, and the sooner it is pulverized. 



When you commence ploughing, you should re- 

 member to have your double singletree of a length 

 to correspond with the plough, or the plough will not 

 run well. Your double singletree should be three 

 times the length that your plough cuts ; that" is, if 

 your plough cuts nine inches, your singletree should 

 be twenty-seven inches in length from each staple at 

 the end. If your plough cuts eight inches, your 

 singletree would be twenty-four inches. 



By observing the above directions, your plough 

 will run flat and turn the furrow well over. The 

 horse in the furrow governs the plough, therefore you 

 should never move the clevis at the end of the beam. 

 Observe this, and your plough will run steady with- 

 out any trouble to the ploughman, and your plough 

 will rise up at the end when your horses turn round, 

 and will take the proper distance. If there are no 

 stones or stumps, the plough will run to the end of 

 the row without the ploughman having any necessity 

 to touch her. 



The proper test whether a plough runs well or not, 

 is to throw her on her side ; and if all is right, she 

 will rise and take the proper distance herself. By 

 this I have always judged, and it is a perfect test. 



To recapitulate. The New York farmers, who 

 are perhaps as good as any in the United States, have, 



