THE EMIGRANT'S HAJTD.BOOK. 27 



shingled, or, with less expense, have smaller rails nailed 

 on for ribs, and covered with split clap-boards or strakes, 

 three feet long and six inches wide: four hundred will 

 make the roof, and they are worth, if bought, not over 

 $2 50. The gable-end may be studded and sided up 

 with logs the boarding is preferable. A front and back 

 door, and two twelve light 8x10 glass windows, are to be 

 cut out of the logs, and a space for the chimney, the 

 whole of which will be built on the outside to save room. 

 The ends of the logs, when cut off, are secured in their 

 places by a board or piece of split stuff, pinned or nailed 

 on. 



If the country is new, and destitute of brick or stone for 

 a chimney, yet one must be built. This is done by first 

 making a rough frame of split stuff, on the outside of the 

 fire-place, which is to remain ; and on the inside a tempo, 

 rary frame of boards is put up, just the size of the contem- 

 plated fire-place. Then this space is rammed full of 

 slightly moistened clay, and a wooden mantle laid across, 

 and the funnel of the chimney built out with sticks and 

 clay ; then the inside boarding of the fire-place is taken 

 out, and the hearth made of pounded clay, and it is ready 

 for use, and will last many years. 



If in a country of saw-mills, you will procure boards 

 for the floors and doors, otherwise they must be made of 

 split stuff. 



The spaces between the logs are filled with " chink, 

 ing," that is, pieces of rails, and blocks, and split stuff, 

 and then the whole well " daubed " with clay mortar in 

 all the cracks, outside and in. A small shed should be 

 built over the back-door, to keep the pots and kettles dry. 

 This house can be built, finished, and ready to move into, 

 for the following expense : 



