THE EMIGRANT'S HAND-BOOK. 



109 



D, gearing, which may be common fanning-mill gearing. 

 F, pitman which communicates the motion of the crank 

 E to the lever C, which is attached to the back part of 

 the frame G. The crank should be three inches from 

 centre, so that it may perform a circle of six inches. By 

 attaching this machine to dog or sheep-power, cog-wheels 

 will be unnecessary, as the shaft of a sheep or dog-power 

 may be fastened to the crank. The cost of this machine 

 is $6, without the churn. These machines are of my in- 

 vention and construction, and are not patented. 

 Wyoming Stark Co., HI., Feb. 17, 1844. 



VERMONT BUTTER. 



The county of Caledonia, in Vermont, has long been 

 celebrated for its dairies, and its butter and cheese have 

 frequently taken large prizes at Agricultural fairs. 



In the dairy of Mr. W. Backop, who has obtained five 

 premiums at Boston, for butter; two of $100 each, and 

 three of $50 each ; the milk in warm weather stands 

 thirty hours before the cream is taken from it ; and in 

 cold weather, forty-eight hours. In the hot season, in 

 this dairy, six pounds of salt are allowed to one hundred 

 pounds of butter, and in cold weather four pounds. No 



