THE EMIGRANT'S HAND-BOOK. 169 



utensil, with a little alum to set the color. Copperas and 

 tea grounds make a good slate-color. 



A light slate-color, very convenient for emigrants in the 

 country, is to boil white maple bark in clear water, with 

 a little alum. Boil it in a brass vessel. 



All these dyes should be strained before being used. 

 The goods then boiled in them, as in the case of the 

 green dye. 



TO COLOR CLOTH ETC., MADDER-RED. 



For ten pounds of flannel or yarn, take three-fourths of 

 a pound of cream of tartar, and three- fourths of a pound of 

 alum ; pound them fine and boil fifteen minutes in a little 

 rain-water. Then ^dd a little cold water and put in your 

 yarn or cloth, and boil it three hours, stirring it often. 

 Then take your cloth out and air it well. Throw away 

 the above water. 



Next take a sufficient quantity of rain-water, so as no* 

 to crowd your cloth ; put into it three pounds of madder, 

 and heat it over a moderate fire as hot as you can bear 

 your hand in it. Then put in your cloth and keep it stir- 

 ring three hours at the same heat. Then take out your 

 cloth, and add to this water two quarts of soft soap, and 

 stir it up well, put in your cloth for twenty minutes, and 

 then it is ready for scouring. The cloth or yarn should 

 be well washed before being put into the first described 

 water, and put into it while wet. 



The cost of this coloring will be about six cents a yard 

 for cloth or flannel. 



TO MAKE WINDSOR AND CASTILE SOAP. 



Take white soap and slice it very thin. Melt it over 

 a moderate fire. When lukewarm, add a little oil of 



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