THE EMIGRANT'S HAND-BOOK. 183 



like the cow's milk ; and if she does not yield a sufficient 

 quantity, that of another ought to be had recourse to. It 

 is an incontrovertible fact, that the longer a calf sucks, 

 not only the larger and stronger will it become, but it will 

 also acquire a much better form and more robust health." 



Calves which come early, should be preferred for the 

 rearing. Those which come late, do not acquire sufficient 

 strength to bear the cold of winter ; they languish, and 

 are reared with difficulty. Calves should not be weaned 

 too suddenly, but by little and little. The less they are 

 able to eat, the more they should be allowed to suck ; 

 after a while they may be brought to take it from the 

 pail. This is done by placing the hand in the milk, with 

 the palm upward, and under the milk, while the fingers 

 are raised above the surface of the milk for the calf to lay 

 hold of with its mouth, which it does very readily, and 

 sucks up the milk with great ease. 



When they are completely taken away, they should be 

 fed with a little bran, and some of the most soft and fra- 

 grant hay of the second crop ; they should be allowed 

 plenty of the skim-milk, and now and then a little 

 water in which barley has been boiled and broken up, or 

 a little buttermilk occasionally. There is at first some 

 Jifficulty in bringing them to drink, but a little perseve- 

 rance will accustom them to it. 



Moderate warmth and dry lodgings are of the utmost 

 consequence to young calves ; and if we would turn them 

 to any good account, they must not be stinted either in 

 these or in their food. Calves which have recently been 

 weaned and are not at pasture, should be fed often, at least 

 three times, and it is better five times a day. As soon as 

 they are fit to follow the mother they should be let out, as 

 they are greatly benefited by air and exercise. Calves 

 sometimes require a habit of sucking one another, of which 

 trick they may be broken by separating them. 



