184 THE FARMER'S AND 



Calves cannot be kept too clean, nor have fresh litter 

 too often. If they are suffered to lie on their own dung 

 and urine, they will become mangy, and scarcely ever 

 thrive. They are subject to several disorders, such as 

 diarrhea, dysentery, costiveness, etc. As a means of 

 preventing the greater number of the diseases to which 

 they are liable, the following rules are prescribed in 

 " The Farmer's and Grazier's Guide." 



1st. Let the young calf suck the first milk. This 

 will cleanse the bowels, and prevent costiveness. 



2nd. Let it suck from its mother at least two months, 

 and then wean it gradually. 



3rd. Let its first food be such as is easy of diges- 

 tion, and let it have plenty of sweet skim-milk, and good 

 hay. 



4th. Keep it very clean, rubbing it well, occasionally, 

 with a wisp of hay or straw 



5th. Keep its stable clean, and perfectly free from 

 all impurities. 



6th. Let it have gentle exercise ; the best will be, 

 following the mother in the meadow or pasture. 



7th. Do not stint it either in good food or good drink, 

 and change its litter often enough to keep it clean, sweet, 

 and dry." 



CALVES ; THEIR DISEASES. 



DIARRHEA. This disease is common with young 

 calves ; at the time of weaning, especially. Weaning 

 and change of food should not be too sudden. 



New milk should be used with skirn-milk or gruel, 

 whichever is to be substituted for the mother's milk ; and 

 this done gradually, making the new food come naturally 

 to the calf. If the calf have a bad looseness of the bow. 

 els, it should be attended to at once. Give two ounces of 

 castor oil j or four of epsom salts. Then give 



