THE EMIGRANT'S HAND- BOOK- 211 



was preventive. About the time the fly made its ap- 

 pearance, which is easily known by their exhibiting great 

 alarm, running from one part of the field to another, with 

 their noses close to the ground, etc., we caught one sheep, 

 and with a wooden spatula, or flat stick, rubbed the nose 

 with tar. We then placed tar at the bottom of our salt- 

 ing troughs, over which the salt was sprinkled, and this 

 brought their noses frequently in contact with the tar. 

 This course we found a great preventive. Sheep, du- 

 ring the period they are exposed to the attacks of the fly, 

 should have access to a ploughed field, or if such is not 

 convenient, a few furrows should occasionally be opened 

 in their pastures for their benefit. Inhaling the dust, or 

 rubbing their noses in it, renders the mucus disagreeable 

 to the fly, or enables the sheep to expel the larva when de- 

 posited. With these preventives, we have rarely lost a 

 sheep from the grub, and think, that in most cases, they 

 will be effectual. 



WINTER-KEEPING OF SHEEP. 



The following is extracted from Fessenden's Complete 

 Farmer : 



" Perhaps there is no domestic animal that requires 

 more nice and constant attention than the sheep, and no 

 other that will more richly pay for generous keeping. 

 Though he may not be liable to disease, nor require a 

 better quality of food than neat stock, still that manage- 

 ment which will keep cattle in good case will not answer 

 for sheep. His habits and mode of feeding are entirely 

 different. For instance, in the winter season, a cow may 

 be kept tied to the stall twenty-two hours out of the twen- 

 ty-four, and, if well fed three times a day, keep her flesh 

 and get sufficient exercise for her health. Serve a sheep 

 in the same manner, and it would not probably live a 



