THE EMIGRANT'S HAND-BOOK. 213 



should be put into them, and never while the sheep are 

 there. One hundred sheep are enough to be kept togeth- 

 er. Cleanliness is of the utmost importance. Their yards 

 should be littered with straw or something of the kind, 

 constantly, or they will be in danger of losing in a degree 

 a relish for their food. 



" The next thing necessary is, to have proper places for 

 your sheep to eat hay in, which are the common board 

 mangers, and may make partings to the yards. Take 

 six joists, say three inches square, and four feet long ; 

 have the boards of a length, then nail two of them to the 

 joists set up perpendicularly, in such a manner that one 

 joist will be in the middle of each board, and the other two 

 at the ends, and that the top edge of the boards will be 

 one foot from the ground ; then nail short boards to the 

 ends two feet and a half long, the width of the manger, the 

 next board on the sides to be placed eight inches from the 

 lower boards ; then board it tight to the top of the joists 

 and the manger is finished. A manger eighteen feet 

 long, of this description, will accommodate thirty sheep. 

 Single mangers may be made along the outside fence of 

 the yard, which do not require to be so wide. The great 

 superiority of these mangers over racks is, first, the facil- 

 ity of putting hay into them without dropping it on the 

 ground ; secondly, it obviates the danger of hay-seed fall- 

 ing on the wool of the sheep ; and thirdly, it prevents 

 any waste of fodder. The next thing after mangers for 

 hay, should be a place appropriated for feeding out roots, 

 which every farmer should raise to a certain extent. Al- 

 though we cannot turn them to so good an account as the 

 English feeders do, on account of the severity of our win- 

 ters, still a proportion of them, as food for our stock, is of 

 great importance. In order that the farmer may make 

 the most of his roots, he should have a cellar fixed to re- 



