FARM CONVEYANCES 187 



to the axle. The drawbolt on a linchpin wagon usu- 

 ally has a head made in the form of the jaws of a 

 wrench. The wrench is the right size to fit the nuts on 



Figure 164. Wagon Seat Figure 165. Hollow Malle- 



Spring. The metal block fits able Iron Bolster Stake to hold 



over the top of the bolster a higher wooden stake when 



stake. necessary. 



the wagon brace irons so that the drawbolt answers 

 three purposes. 



SAND-BANDS 



Many parts of farm machinery require projecting 

 sand-bands to protect the journals from sand and dust. 

 Most farms have some sandy fields or ridges. Some 

 farms are all sand or sandy loam. Even dust from clay 

 is injurious to machinery. There is more or less grit 

 in the finest clay. The most important parts of farm 

 machinery are supposed to be protected by oil-cups 

 containing cotton waste to strain the oil, together with 

 covers in the shape of metal caps. These are necessary 

 protections and they help, but they are not adequate 

 for all conditions. It is not easy to keep sand out of 

 bearings on machinery that shakes a good deal. 

 Wooden plugs gather sand and dust. When a plug is 

 pulled the sand drops into the oil hole. Farm ma- 

 chinery that is properly designed protects itself from 

 sand and dust. In buying a machine this particular 

 feature should appeal to the farmers more than it 



