NATURE'S INSURGENT SON 15 



his book on The Origin of Species. The palaeolithic 

 implements, though not improbably made 150,000 years 

 ago, do not, any more than do the imperfect skulls 

 occasionally found in association with them, indicate a 

 condition of the human race much more monkey-like than 

 is presented by existing savage races (see Figs, i and 2 

 and Frontispiece, and their explanations). The imple- 

 ments themselves are manufactured with great skill 

 and artistic feeling. Within the last ten years much 

 rougher flint implements, of peculiar types, have been 

 discovered in gravels which are 500 feet above the 

 level of the existing rivers (see Figs. 3 and 4). These 

 " Eoliths" of the South of England indicate a race of 

 men of less-developed skill than the makers of the 

 Palaeoliths, and carry the antiquity of man at least 

 as far back beyond the Palaeoliths as these are from 

 the present day. We have as yet found no remains 

 giving the direct basis for conclusions on the subject ; 

 but judging by the analogy (not by any means a 

 conclusive method) furnished by the history of other 

 large animals now living alongside of man such as the 

 horse, the rhinoceros, the tapir, the wolf, the hyaena, 

 and the bear it is not improbable that it was in the 

 remote period known as the lower Miocene remote even 

 as compared with the gravels in which Eoliths occur 

 that Natural Selection began to favour that increase in 

 the size of the brain of a large and not very powerful 

 semi-erect ape which eventuated, after some hundreds 

 of thousands of years, in the breeding-out of a being 

 with a relatively enormous brain-case, a skilful hand, 

 and an inveterate tendency to throw stones, flourish 

 sticks, protect himself in caves, and in general to defeat 

 aggression and satisfy his natural appetites by the use 

 of his wits rather than by strength alone in which, 



