THE ADVANCE OF SCIENCE 95 



And yet M. Brunettiere and his friends wish us to 

 believe that science is bankrupt and has no new things 

 in store for humanity. 



Geology. In the field of geological research the main 

 feature in the past twenty-five years has been the in- 

 creasing acceptance of the evolutionary as contrasted 

 with the uniformitarian view of geological phenomena. 

 The great work of Suess, ' Das Antlitz der Erde,' is 

 undoubtedly the most important contribution to physical 

 geology within the period. The first volume appeared 

 in 1885, and the impetus which it has given to the 

 science may be judged of by the epithet applied to the 

 views for which Suess is responsible ' the New Geology.' 

 Suess attempts to trace the orderly sequence of the 

 principal changes in the earth's crust since it first began to 

 form. He strongly opposes the old theory of elevation, 

 and accounts for the movements as due to differential 

 collapse of the crust, accompanied by folding due to 

 tangential stress. Among special results gained by 

 geologists in the period we survey may be cited new 

 views as to the origin of the crystalline schists, favouring 

 a return to something like the hypogene origin advocated 

 by Lyell ; the facts as to deep-sea deposits, now in course 

 of formation, embodied in the ' Challenger ' reports on 

 that subject : the increasing discrimination and tracking 

 of those minor divisions of strata called * zones ' ; the 

 assignment of the Olenellus fauna of Cambrian age to 

 a position earlier than that of the Paradoxides fauna ; 

 the discovery of Radiolaria in palaeozoic rocks by special 

 methods of examination, and the recognition of Grapto- 

 lites as indices of geological horizons in lower palaeozoic 

 beds. Glacially eroded rocks in boulder-clays of permo- 

 carboniferous age have been recognised in many parts 

 of the world (e.g., Australia and South Africa), and thus 



