THE ADVANCE OF SCIENCE 113 



origin, and formed thus the independent ccelom. The 

 animals so provided are the Calomoccela (as opposed 

 to the Enteroc&la), and comprise all animals above the 

 polyps, jelly-fish, corals, and sea-anemones. It has been 

 established in these twenty-five years that the ccelom is 

 a definite structural unit of the higher groups, and that 

 outgrowths from it to the exterior (ccelomoducts) form 

 the genital passages, and may become renal excretory 

 organs also. The vascular system has not, as it was 

 formerly supposed to have, any connection of origin with 

 the ccelom, but is independent of it, in origin and de- 

 velopment, as also are the primitive and superficial renal 

 tubes known as nephridia. These general statements 

 seem to me to cover the most important advance in the 

 general morphology of animals which we owe to embryo- 

 logical research in the past quarter of a century. 1 



Before leaving the subject of animal morphology I 

 must apologise for my inability to give space and time 

 to a consideration of the growing and important science 

 of anthropology, which ranges from the history of human 

 institutions and language to the earliest prehistoric bones 

 and implements. Let me therefore note here the dis- 

 covery of the cranial dome of Pithecanthropus in a river 

 gravel in Java undoubtedly the most ape-like of human 

 remains, and of great age (see figs, i and 2) ; and, further, 

 the Eoliths of Prestwich (see figs. 3 and 4), in the human 

 authorship of which I am inclined to believe, though I 

 should be sorry to say the same of all the broken flints 

 to which the name ' Eolith ' has been applied. The 

 systematic investigation and record of savage races have 

 taken on a new and scientific character. Such work as 



1 See the introduction to Part II. of a Treatise on Zoology. Edited 

 by E. Ray Lankester (London : A. & C. Black). 



I 



